Level 4: AP Biology: Cell Cycle and Cell Communication

What are the stages of mitosis?

• start, middle, end, finish

• pre-mitosis, during-mitosis, post-mitosis, after-mitosis

• A, B, C, D

• prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Explain the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in cell cycle regulation.

• Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases regulate the cell cycle by controlling the progression through different phases.

• Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases regulate the cell cycle by promoting cell death

• Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases have no role in cell cycle regulation

• Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases only regulate the cell cycle in plant cells

Describe the process of signal transduction in cell signaling pathways.

• Signal transduction involves the breakdown of cellular responses into extracellular signals.

• Signal transduction is the process of converting an intracellular signal into an extracellular response.

• Signal transduction is the process of converting a cellular response into an intracellular signal.

• Signal transduction is the process by which a cell converts an extracellular signal into a specific cellular response.

What is the significance of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

• It is the phase where the cell stores excess nutrients for future use.

• It is the phase where the cell repairs any damaged DNA.

• It is the phase where the cell grows and carries out its normal functions.

• It is the phase where the cell divides into two daughter cells.

How do cells ensure accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis?

• G1 phase

• Chromosomal crossover

• Telophase

• Spindle assembly checkpoint

What are the key differences between paracrine and endocrine signaling?

• Paracrine signaling affects only non-human cells, while endocrine signaling affects only human cells.

• Paracrine signaling involves the release of hormones, while endocrine signaling involves the release of neurotransmitters.

• Paracrine signaling affects nearby cells, while endocrine signaling affects distant target cells.

• Paracrine signaling occurs within the same organ, while endocrine signaling occurs between different organs.

How do cells respond to external signals in the context of cell communication?

• Signal reception, transduction, and response

• Stimulus reception, conversion, and effect

• Receptor recognition, translation, and action

• Signal absorption, transformation, and reaction

What is the role of the S phase in the cell cycle?

• It is the phase where the cell divides into two daughter cells.

• It is the phase where the cell grows and carries out its normal functions.

• It is the phase where the cell's DNA is replicated.

• It is the phase where the cell repairs any damaged DNA.

What is the role of the M phase in the cell cycle?

• It is the phase where the cell's DNA is replicated.

• It is the phase where the cell divides into two daughter cells.

• It is the phase where the cell grows and carries out its normal functions.

• It is the phase where the cell repairs any damaged DNA.

What is the function of the spindle fibers during mitosis?

• They help in the replication of DNA.

• They assist in the division of the cytoplasm.

• They help in the alignment and separation of chromosomes.

• They aid in the repair of damaged DNA.