Hydrology

Approximately 99.7% of all water on Earth is found in oceans, seas, ice, and the

atmosphere. Based on this information, which statement is most accurate?

• The Earth's freshwater supply is infinite.

• Less than 0.3% of Earth's water is drinkable.

• Humans are not dependent on ocean water.

• The water cycle returns all usable water to the sea.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Place the following in order from largest amount of water found on Earth to the

smallest

• glaciers and ice caps, groundwater, ocean

• ocean, glaciers and ice caps, groundwater

• groundwater, glacier and ice caps, and ocean

• lakes, oceans, atmosphere, glaciers and ice caps

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

The following diagram demonstrates the way Earth's water is distributed on Earth’s

surface. Which of the following questions would be the best focus of an investigation of the

distribution of Earth’s water?

• Where is most of the consumable water located on Earth’s surface?

• What is the only substance that exists as a solid?

• What is the only substance that exists as a gas?

• Where is most living and nonliving things located on Earth’s surface?

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

A class created the following diagram of the water cycle to show how the parts of the

water cycle work together as a whole. The students want to add information about the type of precipitation that falls. Which would be MOST useful in predicting the type of precipitation that will fall?

• whether the precipitation occurs over land or ocean

• the air pressure measurement in the precipitation area

• the number of droplets in the clouds in the precipitation area

• how the temperature changes between the surface and the clouds

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

Most of the salt in the oceans is _______________ , or common table salt?

• Sodium chloride

• Potassium chloride

• Magnesium chloride

• Calcium carbonate

Which best represents the order of seafloor features as you move from the shoreline

to the deep ocean?

• continental slope → continental shelf → continental rise → mid-ocean ridge

• continental rise → continental shelf → mid-ocean ridge → continental slope

• continental shelf → continental slope → continental rise → mid-ocean ridge

• mid-ocean ridge → continental rise → continental shelf → continental slope

A student observed that a pole fixed near a beach remained visible throughout the

day, but became submerged in water at night. His friend believed that the sand was

loose at night, causing the pole to sink into the sand. The student did not agree with his

friend's explanation.

Which of these MOST LIKELY caused the pole to be submerged at night?

• low tides from a lack of recent rainfall

• high tides caused by the Moon’s gravity

• smaller waves from a decrease in ocean currents

• bigger waves from stronger winds blowing from the shore

How did salt end up in our Oceans?

• Over millions of years, rains, rivers and streams have washed over rocks carrying

  away salt into the Ocean.

• Acid rain falls into the Ocean. It contains salts

• Volcanoes let out salt when they erupt.

• Salt was always present in Oceans.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

In this cartoon below, what type of heat energy transfer causes the sand to heat up?

• Conduction

• Radiation

• Convection

• Evaporation

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

The picture above shows how a type of heat energy transfer with the arrows in the diagram above.

Choose the following choices that demonstrate how the sun energy from the sun transfers heat to air, land, and water.

• Radiation

• Convection

• Conduction

• Condensation