Nature of Science review

Match the following

Groups:

(a) Hypothesis

,

(b) Fact

,

(c) Law

,

(d) Theory

• plates in the Earth’s crust is responsible for the position of the

  continents, earthquakes, volca

• An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.

• Force = mass x acceleration

• All living species are related and are the result of gradual changes over time.

• The average high temperature in August in Chicago is 81F.

• Addition of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to soil will increase the growth rate d of plant

• You absorb more water when you walk through a rainstorm than if you run.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-5

NGSS.HS-PS2-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

In 1747, a doctor named James Lind was working to find a cure for a disease called scurvy. He questioned many sailors and realized that despite living together on the same ship for many months, not all of them would contract the disease. The biggest difference between them was their diet and some homemade remedies they tried. He believed that one or more of the treatments were successful, he just needed to narrow it down. He decided to take 12 men suffering from similar symptoms of scurvy, group them into six pairs, and administer the following treatments:

Group 1: An additional half a pint of water per day

Group 2: 25 drops of a sulfuric acid solution, three times per day

Group 3: A quart of cider per day

Group 4: A paste of garlic, mustard, horseradish, balsam, and gum myrrh.

Group 5: Two spoonfuls of vinegar, three times a day.

Group 6: Two oranges and a lemon per day.

Otherwise, the sailors ate the same foods, slept and worked the same number of hours, and lived in similar conditions. Within a week, the sailors who were eating oranges and lemons had recovered. The other groups showed no change. Identify each of the following parts of this experiment:

• Experiment:

• Not all sailors would get scurvy. Some used supplements or had different diets.

• Hypothesis:

• The addition of a specific supplement to your diet will prevent or cure scurvy.

• Initial observation

• 6 pairs of sailors with symptoms of scurvy are given different supplements and their response observed.

• Independent Variable

• Supplement fed to the sailors.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

In 1747, a doctor named James Lind was working to find a cure for a disease called scurvy. He questioned many sailors and realized that despite living together on the same ship for many months, not all of them would contract the disease. The biggest difference between them was their diet and some homemade remedies they tried. He believed that one or more of the treatments were successful, he just needed to narrow it down. He decided to take 12 men suffering from similar symptoms of scurvy, group them into six pairs, and administer the following treatments:

Group 1: An additional half a pint of water per day

Group 2: 25 drops of a sulfuric acid solution, three times per day

Group 3: A quart of cider per day

Group 4: A paste of garlic, mustard, horseradish, balsam, and gum myrrh.

Group 5: Two spoonfuls of vinegar, three times a day.

Group 6: Two oranges and a lemon per day.

Otherwise, the sailors ate the same foods, slept and worked the same number of hours, and lived in similar conditions. Within a week, the sailors who were eating oranges and lemons had recovered. The other groups showed no change. Identify each of the following parts of this experiment:

• next step

• The results support the hypothesis that ingesting citrus fruits will prevent and treat scurvy.

• Dependent Variable

• Whether the sailors recovered from scurvy.

• Controlled Variables

• All other foods were the same, same sleep schedule, same work hours.

• conclusion

• Peer review. Others should look over the experiment for errors/bias and try to replicate it themselves.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

What is the margin of error?

• +4.4

• -4.4

• +/- 4.4

• what's margin of error?

Match the following

• Natural

• A sampling of 50 fish is taken from both a large lake and a nearby smaller upland pool. The lake is known to have a much greater population of minnows. The number of fish infected with the disease is observed.

• Controlled

• Two large 500-gallon aquariums are set up. Each has an identical temperature, light exposure, feeding schedule, and water composition. One aquarium has a population of 50 minnows, and the other has 500 minnows. Each aquarium is inoculated with the disease, and the percentage of fish infected within a week is observed.

• 1

• 1

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-6

For a long time, humans have puzzled over how massive stone structures like the Egyptian Pyramids, Stonehenge, and the Moai on Easter Island could have been built with prehistoric technology. Some believe that the structures are the result of extraterrestrial aliens that visited these ancient civilizations, stating that it is otherwise impossible for humans without the use of construction equipment to build structures like that. Relate the three common characteristics of pseudoscience to this belief.

• Alternative Explanations

• There are demonstrated techniques and tools that were available to prehistoric humans that would have enabled them to move large blocks.

• Repeatability

• There is no direct evidence of alien intervention (e.g. alien tools, language, ships)

• Evidence

• There is no way to replicate this claim, since we do not have access to ancient alien or alien technology.

What is true about this graph?

• Example of Correlation only

• Example of Causation only

• Example of correlation shows causation

Which is an example of pseudo science

• Astonomy

• Astrology

• Philosophy

• Psychology

What is a hypothesis?

• Random Guess

• Question about something

• Testable, educated guess based on prior experience

• The solution to a problem

What is the conclusion of a scientific experiment?

• Always support Hypothesis

• Always refute Hypothesis

• Conclusion either supports or refutes the Hypothesis

• Conclusion neither supports nor refutes the Hypothesis

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2