Unit 3 mini quiz

“What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington.”

John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815

Which of the following factors most directly contradicted Adams’ theory about the Revolution?

• The existence of considerable Loyalist opposition to the Patriot cause

• The existence of significant social and economic divisions within the colonies

• The importance of colonial military victories in bringing about independence

• The importance of support from European allies in defeating the British

“What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington.”

John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815

Which of the following is the most likely reason why Adams dates the beginning of the American Revolution to the 1760s?

• Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies

• The forging of American Indian political alliances with European powers

• Increased involvement of colonial merchants in the Atlantic economy

• The expansion of the colonial population into the interior of the continent

“From infancy I was taught to love humanity and liberty. Inquiry and experience have since confirmed my reverence for the lessons then given me, by convincing me more fully of their truth and excellence. Benevolence towards mankind excites wishes for their welfare, and such wishes endear the means of fulfilling them. Those can be found in liberty alone, and therefore her sacred cause ought to be espoused by every man, on every occasion, to the utmost of his power. . . .

“These being my sentiments, I am encouraged to offer you, my countrymen, my thoughts on some late transactions, that in my opinion are of the utmost importance to you. . . .

“If the BRITISH PARLIAMENT has a legal authority to order, that we shall furnish a single article for the troops here, and to compel obedience to that order; they have the same right to order us to supply those troops with arms, clothes, and . . . to compel obedience to that order also. . . . What is this but taxing us at a certain sum, and leaving to us only the manner of raising it? How is this mode more tolerable than the STAMP ACT?”

John Dickinson, Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies, 1768

Which of the following would have been most likely to agree with the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?

• Native Americans west of the Appalachian Mountains

• Enslaved people in the South

• Anglican ministers in the middle colonies

• Merchants in New England

“From infancy I was taught to love humanity and liberty. Inquiry and experience have since confirmed my reverence for the lessons then given me, by convincing me more fully of their truth and excellence. Benevolence towards mankind excites wishes for their welfare, and such wishes endear the means of fulfilling them. Those can be found in liberty alone, and therefore her sacred cause ought to be espoused by every man, on every occasion, to the utmost of his power. . . .

“These being my sentiments, I am encouraged to offer you, my countrymen, my thoughts on some late transactions, that in my opinion are of the utmost importance to you. . . .

“If the BRITISH PARLIAMENT has a legal authority to order, that we shall furnish a single article for the troops here, and to compel obedience to that order; they have the same right to order us to supply those troops with arms, clothes, and . . . to compel obedience to that order also. . . . What is this but taxing us at a certain sum, and leaving to us only the manner of raising it? How is this mode more tolerable than the STAMP ACT?”

John Dickinson, Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies, 1768

Based on the excerpt, the most likely purpose of Dickinson’s letters was to

• use Enlightenment rhetoric to encourage American autonomy

• support efforts to claim the French territory of Louisiana

• argue for increased industrial production in the colonies

• call for the immediate end of the international slave trade

Which of the following contributed most to the American Victory in the Revolution?

• French military and financial assistance

• The failure of Loyalists to participate in military action

• A major American military victory at Valley Forge

• Support the French Canadians

• The British failure to capture Philadelphia

The Sons of Liberty initiated the Boston Tea Party in direct response to

• the removal of British troops from Massachusetts during the French and Indian War

• Parliament’s passage of the Intolerable Acts

• British efforts to protect the East India Company from bankruptcy

• British attacks on colonial troops at Lexington and Concord

• Lord Hillsborough’s decision to dissolve the Massachusetts Assembly

“‘I ordered my company to fire,’ [George] Washington reported. . . . This incident . . . led to massive French retaliation and the outbreak of what was soon a world war. It raged in North America for six years, 1754–60, in Central and South America, in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, in India and the East, and not least in Europe, where it was known as the Seven Years War (1756–63). . . . Horace Walpole [stated]: ‘The volley fired by a young Virginian in the backwoods of America set the world on fire.’”

Paul Johnson, historian, A History of the American People, 1997

Britain attempted to pay for the debt resulting from the Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War) by

• charging immigrants a fee to relocate to North America

• selling ships from its navy to colonial merchants

• increasing taxes on goods bought and sold in the colonies

• sponsoring expeditions to locate valuable resources

The Declaration of Independence did all of the following EXCEPT

• appeal to the philosophy of natural rights

• call for the abolition of the slave trade

• appeal to the sympathies if the English people

• criticize the provisions of the Quebec Act of 1774

• accuse George III of tyranny

“We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force. . . .

“We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death.

“In our own native land, in defense of the freedom . . . , and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms.”

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, July 1775

Which of the following most immediately built on the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

• The publication of the pamphlet Common Sense

• The drafting of the United States Constitution

• The issuing of George Washington’s Farewell Address

• The writing of The Federalist papers

“We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force. . . .

“We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death.

“In our own native land, in defense of the freedom . . . , and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms.”

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, July 1775

The British Crown’s response to actions like those in the excerpt was to

• declare the American colonies to be in open rebellion

• agree to meet with colonial representatives

• adopt a new form of imperial government

• appoint a new prime minister