Unit 1 A New Nation FORMATIVE Review

"I go further, and affirm that bills of rights…are not only unnecessary in the proposed Constitution but would even be dangerous…[containing] exceptions to powers which are not granted." What is Hamilton arguing in Federalist No. 84?

• A bill of rights was necessary to protect individual liberties.

• Bills of rights are not only unnecessary in the proposed Constitution but would even be dangerous.

• The Anti-Federalists' concerns about the concentration of power were valid.

• The Articles of Confederation provided adequate protection for individual rights.

"Article VI. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted..." How did this provision from the Northwest Ordinance influence future debates about slavery in the United States?

• It ended the debate over slavery by prohibiting it in all territories and states.

• It set a precedent for limiting the expansion of slavery, which would become a contentious issue in the lead-up to the Civil War.

• It established a compromise that allowed each state to decide whether to allow slavery or not.

• It had no significant impact on the debate over slavery as it only applied to the Northwest Territory

How did the absence of a strong executive branch under the Articles of Confederation contribute to the ineffectiveness of the government?

• It made it easier for states to enforce laws and regulate commerce.

• It allowed the central government to levy taxes and regulate commerce.

• It made it difficult for the central government to enforce laws and manage foreign affairs.

• It empowered the states to levy taxes and manage foreign affairs.

The following excerpt from the Declaration of Independence states: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights..." How does this excerpt embody the Enlightenment concept of natural rights?

• It acknowledges that all men are created equal and have inherent rights that cannot be surrendered or transferred.

• It implies that the government grants rights to its citizens, which can be altered or taken away.

• It suggests that only a select group of individuals are entitled to natural rights.

• It indicates that the pursuit of happiness is the only natural right that should be protected by the government.

The Declaration of Independence states: "That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government." How does this statement reflect the Enlightenment idea of the social contract?

• It suggests that the people have an ongoing obligation to obey the government, regardless of its actions.

• It implies that the government has the right to alter or abolish the social contract at any time.

• People have the right to alter or abolish the government if it fails to protect their natural rights.

• It suggests that the government has the authority to alter or abolish the social contract without the consent of the people.

Read the following excerpt from the Declaration of Independence: "That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." How does this statement reflect the Enlightenment idea of popular sovereignty?

• It suggests that governments exist to secure the natural rights of its citizens, and their authority is based on the consent of the governed.

• It implies that governments have the right to exercise unlimited power over their citizens.

• It indicates that the authority of the government is inherited and not based on the consent of the governed.

• It suggests that the primary purpose of government is to control its citizens.

Which of the following was a key argument made in the Federalist Papers?

• The Articles of Confederation were sufficient for governing the United States.

• A strong Federal government was necessary to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

• The Bill of Rights was necessary because the Constitution didn't have adequate protection for individual rights.

• The separation of powers would lead to tyranny.

Based on the following excerpt from Federalist Paper No. 51 by James Madison, which principle of the U.S. Constitution is most directly being discussed? "In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments."

• Natural Rights

• Federalism

• Confederation

• Popular Sovereignty

How did the Anti-Federalists influence the Constitution?

• They fought for Federalism

• They got the Office of President included

• Their detailed explanations would shape Constitutional interpretation

• They are most responsible for the inclusion of the Bill of Rights

Why did the Founding Fathers design the Articles of Confederation to limit the central authority and preserve state sovereignty?

• They wanted to create a strong central government.

• They feared a repeat of the tyrannical rule experienced under British monarchy.

• They wanted to make it easier to amend the Articles.

• They wanted to establish a strong executive branch.