Evolution and Early Complex Life on Earth Quiz

What were the two microbial kingdoms that comprised life on Earth for the first 2 billion years?

• Bacteria and Archaea

• Bacteria and Fungi

• Archaea and Protists

• Protists and Fungi

What type of cell is believed to have given rise to the first sophisticated cells, known as eukaryotes?

• Fungi

• Virus

• Archaea

• Bacteria

What did the Japanese team succeed in culturing for the first time, shedding new light on evolutionary milestones?

• Virus

• Bacteria

• Fungi

• Archaea

What did the Dutch team discover when they sequenced microbial DNA extracted from mud from a hydrothermal vent off the coast of Greenland?

• Asgard bacteria

• Asgard archaea

• Eukaryotic cells

• Virus

What did the genetic analysis reveal about the samples cultivated by the Japanese team?

• They were Asgard archaea

• They were eukaryotic cells

• They were bacteria

• They were viruses

What do the Asgard archaea feature, as revealed by the latest work?

• Long tentacle-like structures

• Flagella

• Cilia

• Pseudopodia

What do the proponents of the theory suggest could have become structures known as mitochondria?

• Virus

• Asgard archaea

• Archaea

• Bacteria

What do bacteria and archaea lack, which is present in all complex cells today?

• Golgi apparatus

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

What could have engulfed a passing bacteria and formed a symbiotic relationship with it, according to the Japanese team?

• Bacteria

• Eukaryotic cells

• Archaea

• Asgard archaea

What did the Japanese team finally see, which was not what anyone expected?

• The genetic code of the Asgard archaea

• The mitochondria of the Asgard archaea

• The cell structure of the Asgard archaea

• The DNA of the Asgard archaea