Cellular Injury and Adaptation Quiz

According to the sources, what is the primary mechanism by which cellular injury occurs in hypoxia?

• Accumulation of extracellular fluid

• Failure of ATP-dependent pumps

• Increased production of glycogen

• Decreased activity of reactive oxygen species

A nurse is caring for a neonate shortly after birth. The nurse understands that the closure of the foramen ovale is primarily due to:

• Contraction of Wharton's Jelly

• Increased pulmonary vascular resistance

• Low pressure within the left atrium

• Pressure changes in the atria

Which type of cellular adaptation is characterized by a decrease in cell size due to decreased functional demand?

• Hyperplasia

• Metaplasia

• Atrophy

• Hypertrophy

According to the sources, which type of cellular change is described as disorderly appearance and growth of cells with abnormal variations in size, shape, and arrangement, and is NOT a true adaptive process?

• Metaplasia

• Dysplasia

• Atrophy

• Hypertrophy

Which of the following is listed as the number one cause of cell death in the sources?

• Ischemia

• Reperfusion injury

• Hypoxia

• Chemical agents

A nurse is educating a student about irreversible cell injury. The nurse states that critically damaged plasma, mitochondrial, and lysosomal membranes lead to cell death. This damage can be caused by:

• Glycogen depletion

• Lactate production

• Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

• ATP accumulation

According to the sources, reperfusion injury can involve which of the following mechanisms?

• Decreased ROS formation

• Resolution of inflammation

• Calcium overload damaging mitochondria

• Decreased oxidative stress

Which statement accurately contrasts necrosis and apoptosis according to the sources?

• Necrosis involves cell shrinkage, while apoptosis involves cell swelling.

• Necrosis causes inflammation, while apoptosis typically does not.

• Necrosis is programmed cell death, while apoptosis is random cell death.

• Necrosis results in the formation of apoptotic bodies, while apoptosis results in cell bursting.

A patient is diagnosed with cystitis. Which clinical manifestation is associated with cystitis?

• Fever

• CVA Tenderness

• Dysuria

• Anorexia

Which of the following is listed as the most common cause of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)?

• Staphylococcus saprophyticus

• E. coli

• Schistosomiasis

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa