R midterm review

Mitochondria

• Powerhouse of the cell
• Cell wall of the cell
• Transport system of the cell
• Storage unit of the cell

Simple sugars make up what macromolecule?

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins

• Lipids

• Nucleic Acids

What is the job of enzymes?

• Create chemical reactions
• Slow down chemical reactions
• Have no effect on chemical reactions
• Speed up chemical reactions

What is the optimal (best) pH that Pepsin works at? Highlight the correct answer.

• 2

• 1

• 4

What is the molecular structure of water?

• 2 hydrogen, 2 oxygen

• 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen

• 1 oxygen, 1 hydrogen

Define diffusion.

• The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of even higher concentration.
• The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
• The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of even lower concentration.

Define active transport.

• The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy.
• The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, not requiring energy.
• The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring no energy.
• The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, not requiring energy.

What is the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?

• a. They help separate chromosomes

• b. The break down the nuclear membrane

• c. They duplicate the DNA

• d. They make chromosomes visible

What happens in interphase?

• Cell divides into two daughter cells
• Cell becomes dormant and stops functioning
• Cell shrinks and loses its ability to replicate DNA
• Cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates its DNA

What happens in prophase?

• Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers begin to form.
• The chromosomes align in the center of the cell
• The cell prepares for cytokinesis
• The cell divides into two daughter cells