Final review 1 Units 1-5

What is the communicative effect of a declarative used as a directive?

• Extremely politeness

• Neutral, indifferent

• It invokes authority

When are imperatives most acceptable at a social level in English?

• To indicate rudeness

• To indicate indirect politeness

• To benefit the addressee

What is crucial with ellipted yes/no questions?

• Polite formulae like “please”

• Accompanying gestures and non-verbal language

• An appropriate rising tone

What is the effect of an assertive form in a negative interrogative?

• An originally positive assumption

• A positive bias

• A contradiction

What happens to performatives when modalised?

• They are not performatives any more

• They become less explicit but still count as performatives

• It is indifferent

Which of the following statements is true?

• There is transferred negation with some performatives

• In English a past subjunctive can be identified in the form of “to have been”

• Vocatives fulfil a key representational and textual function

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

• There is no one-to-one correspondence between clause type and speech-act function

• Explicit performatives in the declarative carry out acts by naming them

• Exclamations are clause types with special intonation and their own syntactic structure

What does “let’s” typically convey?

• A joint action

• An explicit order

• A catenative sequence of events

Which clause types typically have subject+finite ordering?

• Declaratives, negatives, and interrogatives

• Declaratives and exclamatives

• Imperatives

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

• Question tags can be attached to declaratives, exclamatives and imperatives

• “–ever” attached to a wh-interrogative word (as in “whoever” “wherever”) results in an intensifier expressing such things as surprise or disbelief

• Echo questions are not used for responding to other questions