American History Final Review

Which group would the author of the article most likely support?

To the Inhabitants of the Province of the Massachusetts-Bay “My Dear Countrymen, It is a standing maxim of English Liberty “That no man shall be taxed but with his own consent,” and you very well know we were not, in any sober sense, represented in parliament, when this tax was imposed. AWAKE! Awake, my Countrymen and defeat those who want to enslave us. Do not be cowards. You were born in Britain, the Land of Light, and you were raised in America, the Land of Liberty. It is your duty to fight this tax. Future generations will bless your efforts and honor the memory of the saviors of their country. I urge you to tell your representatives that you do not support this terrible and burdensome law. Let them know what you think. They should act as guardians of the liberty of their country. I look forward to congratulating you on delivering us from the enemies of truth and liberty.”

• A. The Sons of Liberty because they agreed that it was the duty of citizens to stop unfair taxation.

• B. Loyalists because they believed the liberties provided to Englishmen were protected by the Magna Carta.

• C. The Sons of Liberty because their job was to protect English citizens from being attacked or taken into slavery.

• D. Loyalists because they felt the liberties granted to the colonists should be given to the English as well.

How did John Locke’s Social Contract contribute to the development of the American political system?

“We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their CREATOR, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.” -from the Declaration of Independence

• A) John Locke’s Social Contract showed how governments that focus on protecting natural rights were free from corruption and formed the basis of America’s belief in natural rights.

• B) John Locke’s Social Contract allowed the balance of powers between the people and the government to create equality which influenced an American communist government.

• C) John Locke’s Social Contract about people having natural rights was used in the development of the Declaration of Independence and formed the foundation of American democracy.

• D) John Locke’s Social Contract called for an authoritarian government to protect the unalienable rights of the people which influenced the American governmental system.

British taxes on the American colonists, such as the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act, passed with what intention?

• A. To help repay the British debts accrued during the French and Indian War

• B. To raise money to fight against the American Revolution

• C. To help repay American industry for debts accrued during the French and Indian War

• D. To raise money for infrastructure improvements in the American colonies

Use the cartoon to answer the question. How did the Monroe Doctrine influence the foreign policy of the United States?

• A. The Monroe Doctrine restricted trade with South America, in order to strengthen foreign relations with Europe and Africa.

• B. The Monroe Doctrine restricted trade with Europe and Africa in order to strengthen foreign relations with South America.

• C. While the United States followed an isolationist policy regarding European affairs, the United States established itself as a protective power over the Western Hemisphere.

• D. While the United States followed an interventionist policy regarding European affairs, the United States followed an isolationist policy in the Western Hemisphere.

Use the map to answer the question. How did the Missouri Compromise impact the distribution of political power?

• A) The acquisition of new territory led to a power struggle between free states and slave states. To keep political balance, a compromise was developed by the federal government.

• B) The acquisition of new territory led to a power struggle between free states and slave states. To keep economic stability, a compromise was developed by the federal government.

• C) The acquisition of new territory led to a power struggle between eastern states and western states. To keep political balance, a compromise was developed by the federal government.

• D) The acquisition of new territory led to a power struggle between eastern states and western states. To keep economic stability, a compromise was developed by the federal government.

Use the passage to answer the question. How did the War of 1812 impact the American economy?

“After the War of 1812, America was growing as a new, autonomous nation and realized that they have been dependent on the British and the other European countries, in an economic and commercial sense... Henry Clay created the American system which pushed for an economical environment that allowed American trade to flourish, created an establishment where money was made available for the industrialists to build factories in the east, as well as creating a transport system to make homes in the new lands in the west.”

• A) Due to the lack of imported manufactured goods during the war, the United States focused on building new industrial centers in western territories.

• B) Due to the lack of imported manufactured goods during the war, the United States began to focus on industrialization, national economic stability, and internal improvements.

• C) Due to environmental destruction during the war, the United States focused on the development of transportation systems to support commercial industry.

• D) Due to environmental destruction during the war, the United States began to focus on industrialization, national economic stability and internal improvements.

How did religious movements influence society in the 1830's and 1840's?

• A) Religious fervor inspired more believers to improve society

• B) Religion helped people become more conformist and patriotic

• C) Religious fervor from the Second Great Awakening caused a return to Puritanism

• D) Religion helped reinforce traditional gender roles

Use the chart and passage to answer the question. How would southern states, like South Carolina, most likely respond to Henry Clay’s American System?

“The general government is one of specific powers, and it can rightfully exercise only the powers expressly granted, and those that may be 'necessary and proper'... The advocates of the Tariff have offered no such proof. It is true, that the... Constitution... authorizes Congress to lay and collect an impost duty, but it is granted as a tax power, for the sole purpose of revenue; a power in its nature essentially different from that of imposing protective or prohibitory duties.” -South Carolina’s Exposition and Protest, Reported by the Special Committee of the House of Representatives on the Tariff

• A) Southern states would support the American System because they would want the federal government to use revenue from the protective tariff to build roads and canals in order to improve trade.

• B) Southern states would support the American System because they believed federal protective tariffs were “necessary and proper” in order to support the growth of a strong economy.

• C) Southern states would oppose the American System because they thought using the revenue from the protective tariffs to build better roads and canals would only benefit northern industry.

• D) Southern states would oppose the American System because they believed the federal government did not have the authority to impose a protective tariff without evidence of it being necessary.

How did the Civil War impact the Southern economy?

• A) The reconstruction of southern railroads benefited steamboat and shipping businesses that used the oceans and rivers to send supplies to cities across the South.

• B) The destruction of southern railroads limited southern exports from reaching the North, which reduced tax revenue for southern states.

• C) The reconstruction of southern railroads benefited southern laborers because new employment opportunities became available.

• D) The destruction of southern railroads limited the South’s ability to import and export resources, which restricted the South’s economic recovery from the war.

Use the passage to answer the question. How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the distribution of power between the federal and state governments?

"That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord [1863], all persons held as slaves within any State.... in rebellion against the United States

• The Emancipation Proclamation demonstrated federal authority over the states because it allowed the federal government to free enslaved people in rebellious states.

• The Emancipation Proclamation limited federal authority over the states because it demanded that states increase the number of recruits sent to the Union Army.

• The Emancipation Proclamation limited a state’s authority to punish abolitionists who worked to free enslaved people.

• The Emancipation Proclamation demonstrated the state's authority over the Federal government because it allowed the state to determine who could be freed.