Principles of Natural Selection

What is the definition of evolution?

• Biological change over time

• The process of extinction

• Geological transformation

• Movement of land above sea level

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What type of evidence did Charles Darwin use to support his observations of ancient Earth?

• Chemical evidence

• Fossil and geologic evidence

• Astronomical evidence

• Genetic evidence

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What did Darwin conclude about the age of the Earth based on his observations?

• The Earth is younger than 6000 years

• The Earth is exactly 6000 years old

• The Earth is older than 6000 years

• The Earth is 10,000 years old

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What is the result of finches having different types of beaks in different environments?

• Species become extinct

• Species adapt to their environment

• Species migrate to other areas

• Species remain unchanged

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What is an adaptation in biological terms?

• A learned behavior

• An inherited feature that helps an organism survive

• A temporary change in behavior

• A random mutation with no effect

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How do successful traits get passed to offspring?

• Through environmental changes

• By learning from parents

• Through the inheritance of genes

• By random chance

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What is the primary measure of fitness in a given environment?

• Ability to migrate

• Ability to survive

• Ability to camouflage

• Ability to hibernate

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What does the principle of overproduction in natural selection suggest?

• Fewer offspring increases survival

• More offspring decreases competition

• More offspring increases survival

• Fewer offspring leads to survival of the fittest

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How does adaptation contribute to natural selection?

• It decreases the survival rate

• It helps organisms survive better

• It leads to extinction

• It reduces genetic diversity

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