MS Earth CFA 5 Investigating the Structure of the Geosphere

Use the cross-section Earth model below to answer the following question. Which layer is composed primarily of liquid nickel and iron?

Utilice el siguiente modelo de sección transversal de la Tierra para responder la siguiente pregunta. ¿Qué capa está compuesta principalmente de níquel líquido y hierro?

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The Earth is made up of distinct layers which have different characteristics. How would a geologist best distinguish between the lithosphere and crust?

La Tierra está formada por distintas capas que tienen diferentes características. ¿Cómo distinguiría mejor un geólogo entre la litosfera y la corteza?

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Seismic waves from earthquakes and explosions helped scientists reveal the structure of the Earth's interior. Which of the following characteristics could be used to correctly indicate a relationship between two of Earth's layers?

Las ondas sísmicas de terremotos y explosiones ayudaron a los científicos a revelar la estructura del interior de la Tierra. ¿Cuál de las siguientes características podría usarse para indicar correctamente una relación entre dos de las capas de la Tierra?

• The lithosphere has convection due to heating and cooling, while the core radiates heat.

• The core radiates heat which has a role in the convection of the mantle.

• The crust and mantle are the densest layers.

• The inner and outer cores are both composed of solid iron.

On the map below, dark circles indicate the positions of volcanoes in the 'Ring of Fire' in and around the Pacific Ocean. Dark lines indicate tectonic plate boundaries of Earth's crust. According to this map, which of the following describes where volcanoes are most likely to form in the Ring of Fire?

En el siguiente mapa, los círculos oscuros indican las posiciones de los volcanes en el "Anillo de Fuego" en el Océano Pacífico y sus alrededores. Las líneas oscuras indican los límites de las placas tectónicas de la corteza terrestre. Según este mapa, ¿cuál de las siguientes opciones describe dónde es más probable que se formen volcanes en el Anillo de Fuego?

• Volcanoes form in the middle of tectonic plates.

• Volcanoes form where earthquakes are least likely to occur.

• Volcanoes form below the surface of tectonic plates.

• Volcanoes form where tectonic plates meet other plates.

Two plates composed of rock of similar density meet along a convergent boundary. Which statement describes what will happen where the two plates meet?

Dos placas compuestas de roca de densidad similar se encuentran a lo largo de un límite convergente. ¿Qué afirmación describe lo que sucederá cuando las dos placas se encuentren?

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  The plates will rub against each other, causing one plate to subduct underneath the other plate, forming a deep trench along the boundary.

• The plates will collide, and the compression will heat the plates to melt and form volcanic mountains.

• The plates will rub against each other, causing shearing and creating fault lines in the interior of the plates.

• The plates will collide with neither plate subducting, causing the crust to pile up and form a mountain range.

The following diagram shows the motion of two plates. Which of these explains the feature that can form at the boundary of these two plates?

El siguiente diagrama muestra el movimiento de dos placas. ¿Cuál de estas explica la característica que se puede formar en el límite de estas dos placas?

• Island arc because the oceanic plate melts underneath the continental plate, forming volcanic mountains the eventually become islands

• A range of volcanoes because the oceanic plate melts underneath the continental plate, forming a line of volcanoes on the continent

• A broad canyon-like valley because the two plates act like a plow, digging out any soil in the plate's paths.

• A mountain range because the two colliding plates have equal composition and density, causing both to fold and form wide, thick mountains

The illustration below represents the movement of one type of tectonic plate boundary. How will Earth's surface most likely change as a result of this particular movement?

La siguiente ilustración representa el movimiento de un tipo de límite de placa tectónica. ¿Cómo cambiará probablemente la superficie de la Tierra como resultado de este movimiento en particular?

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  Magma will be pushed through openings in the surface as the oceanic crust pushes under the continental crust.

• As the two crusts slide past each other, the routes of rivers and streams may be changed.

• The oceanic crust will push the continental crust so that a separation occurs between the two crusts.

• Uplift of the continental crust will occur as the result of pressure applied by the oceanic crust.

Earth’s geosphere is constantly moving, changing, and generating heat. Which of the following statements best explains the role heat flow has in changing Earth’s surface?

La geosfera de la Tierra se mueve, cambia y genera calor constantemente. ¿Cuál de las siguientes afirmaciones explica mejor el papel que tiene el flujo de calor en el cambio de la superficie de la Tierra?

• Tectonic plates move when the lithosphere cools.

• Earthquakes occur when heat from the sun moves the crust.

• Volcanoes erupt when the crust is moved by the convection of Earth’s inner and outer cores.

• Volcanoes form when convection in the mantle pushes one tectonic plate under another.