Thermodynamic

Which of the following statements correctly describes the exchange of matter and energy in an isolated thermodynamic system?

• Both matter and energy can be exchanged with its surroundings.

• Neither matter nor energy can be exchanged with its surroundings.

• Only matter can be exchanged with its surroundings, but not energy.

• Only energy can be exchanged with its surroundings, but not matter.

Which the following factor determine the thermodynamic states?

• Pressure

• Temperature

• Volume

• Mole

Which of the following conditions indicates that a thermodynamic system is in equilibrium?

• The system maintains a constant temperature.

• The system maintains a constant pressure.

• The system's internal energy remains constant.

• The system undergoes no spontaneous changes.

: Which of the following describes the Carnot cycle correctly?

• The Carnot cycle consists of two isothermal processes and two isochoric processes.

• The Carnot cycle consists of two isothermal processes and two adiabatic processes.

• The Carnot cycle consists of two isobaric processes and two isochoric processes.

• The Carnot cycle consists of two isobaric processes and two adiabatic processes.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the function of a heat engine?

• A device that converts heat energy into mechanical work.

• A device that converts mechanical work into heat energy.

• A device that transfers heat from a low-temperature source to a high-temperature source.

• A device that transfers mechanical energy into heat energy.

Which of the following statements is the most accurate statement of the second law of thermodynamics?

• Heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body.

• The total energy of an isolated system remains constant.

• Every energy transfer or transformation increases the total entropy of an isolated system.

• It is impossible to reach absolute zero temperature.

Consider a gas undergoing an isovolumetric process, meaning its volume remains constant at 8 liters. Initially, the gas has a pressure of 4 atm and a temperature of 10 Kelvin. If the final pressure is 6 atm, what is the change in temperature of the gas?

• 5K

• 10K

• 6K

• 7.5K

Consider an ideal gas undergoing an adiabatic compression, where no heat is exchanged with the surrounding environment. The initial volume of the gas is 10 liters, and the final volume is 5 liters. If the initial pressure is 2 atmospheres, determine the final pressure of the gas. Assume the gas has a specific adiabatic index (γ) of 1.4.

• 5.28 atm

• 6.31 atm

• 7 atm

• 9.12 atm