January 2022 (IAL) QP - Unit 1 Edexcel Biology A-level

The photograph shows a saffron crocus plant.

This plant grows from a bulb. The bulb contains starch as an energy storage molecule for the crocus. How many of the following statements are correct for starch in living cells?

a • Starch consists of a mixture of two types of polysaccharides

b • starch contains only 1–6 bonds

c • starch is insoluble in water

• a, b, c
• b, c
• a, c
• a, b

Saffron is a spice that is derived from parts of the flower of the saffron crocus. Saffron contains a disaccharide called gentiobiose. (i) Read through the following description of some disaccharides. Complete the description by writing the most appropriate word on the dotted lines. (4)

Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides joined together by a ​ (a)   covalent bond. Sucrose and lactose are both disaccharides. They both contain a molecule of ​ (b)   . Sucrose also contains one molecule of ​ (c)   and lactose also contains one molecule of ​ (d)  

• glycosidic
• ionic
• hydrogen
• covalent
• glucose
• fructose
• galactose

Gentiobiose is formed from two identical monosaccharides. Name the type of reaction that joins these monosaccharides together in the formation of gentiobiose

• Oxidation reaction
• Condensation reaction
• Hydrolysis reaction
• Reduction reaction
• dehydration synthesis

The molecular mass of each of the monosaccharides in gentiobiose is 180.

The table shows the molecular mass of the elements present in the monosaccharides.

Element Molecular mass , carbon 12 , hydrogen 1, oxygen 16

Which is the molecular mass of gentiobiose

• A 144

• B 162

• C 342

• D 360

The cardiac cycle describes the events that take place in the heart during one complete heartbeat.

(a) The diagram shows a heart in one of the stages, stage F, of the cardiac cycle.

What is the name of the blood vessel labelled G?

• A aorta

• B pulmonary artery

• C pulmonary vein

• D vena cava

(ii) Which row of the table identifies the stages before and after stage F?

• Row C
• Row A
• Row D
• Row B

The human heart has ​ (a)   chambers, the two upper chambers are the ​ (b)   and the two lower chambers are the ​ (c)   . The ​ (d)   septum separates the two ​ (e)   and the inter-ventricular septum is the partition between the two ventricles. The right atrium and right ventricle are

connected through a tricuspid valve as the name suggests it has three

leaflets or cusps.

• four
• atria
• ventricles
• interatrial
• ventricular
• five
• left atrium
• right atrium
• left ventricle
• right ventricle

On the other side, the left ​ (a)   and ventricle are connected through a ​ (b)   valve. The bicuspid valve is also called the ​ (c)   because of its resemblance to a ​ (d)   or hat. The leaflets of these ​ (e)   valves are connected to fibrous tissue called the chordae tendineae which in turn are attached to papillary muscles.

• bicuspid
• atrium
• mitral valve
• bishop's two-sided miter
• atrioventricular
• tricuspid
• ventricle
• aortic valve
• pope's hat
• semilunar

The leaflets of these ​ (a)  

valves are connected to fibrous tissue called the ​ (b)   which in turn are attached to ​ (c)   . Contraction and ​ (d)   of these muscles make the valves ​ (e)   . There are also valves at the opening of the pulmonary trunk and the iota these are called the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve respectively.

• atrioventricular
• chordae tendineae
• papillary muscles
• relaxation
• open and close
• mitral
• tendinous cords
• ventricular muscles
• contraction
• shut and open

There are also valves at the opening of the ​ (a)   and the​ (b)   , these are called the ​ (c)   and the a​ (d)   respectively. Because of their crescent moon shape

these two valves are also called ​ (e)   . The characteristic double up sound of the heartbeat is produced during the closing of the heart valves.

• pulmonary trunk
• iota
• pulmonary valve
• ortic valve
• semilunar valves
• aortic trunk
• pulmonary artery
• aortic valve
• ventricular valve
• mitral valve