Genetics Concept 2: Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression

Where does the process of reading the instructions in DNA to make a polypeptide (aka protein) occur?

• Cytoplasm

• Ribosomes

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Nucleus

Which structure is formed by the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

• Primary structure

• Secondary structure

• Quaternary structure

• Tertiary structure

What is the purpose of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• To bind and carry specific amino acids to the ribosome

• To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds

• To carry the code out of the nucleus

• To make up the ribosome

Which process involves copying DNA into a complementary strand of mRNA?

• Transcription

• Replication

• Translocation

• Translation

What is the function of tRNA in translation?

• To carry specific amino acids to the ribosome

• To read the mRNA codons

• To attach to a ribosome

• To release the completed polypeptide chain

What is the genetic code for the mRNA sequence AUGCGAUCAUGCUAA?

• Met – Arg – Ser – Cys – stop

• Phe – Gly – Leu – Ala – stop

• Tyr – Pro – Ser – Arg – stop

• Asp – Lys – Thr – Val – stop

What is the purpose of transcription factors in gene expression?

• To disrupt regulation

• To increase transcription

• To control gene activity

• To decrease transcription

What is the study of changes in gene expression that are heritable?

• Mutation

• Epigenetics

• Transcription

• Regulation

What is the difference between mutation and epigenetics?

• Mutation affects gene expression, while epigenetics affect the actual DNA sequence

• Mutation affects the actual DNA sequence, while epigenetics affect gene expression

• Mutation and epigenetics both affect the actual DNA sequence

• Mutation and epigenetics both affect gene expression

What is the role of rRNA in protein synthesis?

• To carry the code out of the nucleus

• To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds

• To make up the ribosome

• To bind and carry specific amino acids to the ribosome