Unit 2 Study Guide Genetics

In the 1900s, one idea in evolution was that inherited traits were blended into the next generation, with traits only available from an organism's parents. Which discovery caused a change in the scientific knowledge of evolution?

• new technology that proved all variations in genes have equal chance of being passed on

• Darwin interpreting his observation that finches living on the same island had different beak shapes

• new evidence that proved the diversity of organisms always develops over a short amount of time

• Mendel interpreting the results of his pea-plant experiment that showed dominant and recessive genes

The genotype where both alleles are the same is

• Heterozygous

• Dominant

• Genotype

• Homozygous

Jack bought a small turtle. Three months later, the turtle had grown to twice its original size. Which of the following statements best describes why Jack's turtle got bigger?

• Parts of the turtle stretched out as it grew.

• The turtle's cells went through the process of meiosis.

• The turtle's cells went through the process of mitosis.

• The turtle's cells absorbed all of the water that it drank.

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Freckles are spots of pigment on the skin. Which statement provides the best argument supported by evidence that this trait is inherited through genetic material passed from parents to children?

• People with specific gene alleles on a specific gene always have freckles.

• Parents with freckles tend to have children with freckles.

• Freckles frequently occur in people with red hair and pale skin.

• People with a specific number and types of chromosomes always have freckles.

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What determines gender in humans?

• only the X chromosome

• the X and Y chromosomes

• chromosome 21

• epistasis

What are the combined alleles of all individuals in a population called?

• relative frequency

• phenotype

• genotype

• gene pool

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In a laboratory, several labels on the mouse cages were removed. The scientist who worked in the laboratory needed to determine which mice were clones and which were not in order to replace the labels correctly. What investigation would allow the scientist to determine which mice were clones?

• sequencing the DNA of the mice

• finding out what food the mice prefer

• breeding the mice to see traits the offspring have

• determining whether the mice can learn to complete a maze

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In summer squash, the trait for fruit color is determined by two alleles, F and f. The Punnett square shows a cross between two summer squash with white-colored fruit. The cross produced 3 offspring with white-colored fruit and one with yellow-colored fruit. Based on the Punnett square, which of the following statements is true?

The cross produced 3 offspring with white-

colored fruit and one with yellow-colored fruit.

Based on the Punnett square, which of the

following statements is true?

• The genotype FF produces white-colored fruit.

• The genotype FF produces yellow-colored fruit.

• The genotype Ff produces yellow-colored fruit.

• The genotype ff produces white-colored fruit.

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Select four organisms that reproduce sexually.

• spiny anteaters

• duckbill platypuses

• dolphins

• fungi

• kangaroos

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The picture shows yeast budding. Yeast reproduce asexually by budding, a process in which a bud breaks off the original yeast cell. Which of the following best describes a yeast bud?

Which of the following best describes a yeast

bud?

• A yeast bud is genetically identical to the original

  yeast cell.

• A yeast bud has different mutations from the

  original yeast cell.

• A yeast bud has half as much genetic material

  as the original yeast cell.

• A yeast bud contains twice the genetic material

  as the original yeast cell.

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