Hallmarks of Cancer Quiz

What is cell proliferation and how does it contribute to cancer?

• Cell proliferation is a result of cancer, not a contributor to it

• Uncontrolled cell proliferation leads to the formation of tumors and the spread of cancerous cells.

• Cell proliferation only occurs in healthy cells

• Cell proliferation has no impact on cancer development

Explain the role of cell cycle regulation in controlling cell proliferation.

• Cell cycle regulation has no impact on cell proliferation

• Cell cycle regulation leads to uncontrolled cell division

• Cell cycle regulation is only important for non-dividing cells

• Cell cycle regulation ensures that cells only divide when necessary and in a controlled manner.

How does angiogenesis contribute to the growth and spread of cancer?

• Angiogenesis has no impact on the growth and spread of cancer

• Angiogenesis causes cancer cells to self-destruct and stop growing

• Angiogenesis prevents the growth and spread of cancer by cutting off the blood supply to the tumor

• Angiogenesis provides oxygen and nutrients to cancer cells, allowing them to grow and spread.

What are the key factors involved in promoting angiogenesis in cancer?

• Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

• VEGF, FGF, PDGF

• Hemoglobin, Platelets, White blood cells

• Insulin, Glucagon, Leptin

Describe the process of metastasis and its significance in cancer progression.

• Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. It is significant in cancer progression as it allows the cancer to establish new tumors in different organs, making it more difficult to treat.

• Metastasis is the shrinking of the primary tumor, making it easier to treat

• Metastasis is not significant in cancer progression

• Metastasis is the process of cancer cells staying localized in one area

What are the mechanisms by which cancer cells invade and spread to distant sites?

• Inflammation, fibrosis, and necrosis

• Differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis

• Metastasis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis

• Apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy

What are tumor suppressor genes and how do they function to prevent cancer development?

• Tumor suppressor genes are genes that actively promote cancer development by inducing cell death

• Tumor suppressor genes are genes that promote cell growth and encourage cancer development by repairing DNA damage

• Tumor suppressor genes are genes that help control cell growth and prevent cancer development by repairing DNA damage, regulating cell division, and inducing cell death.

• Tumor suppressor genes are genes that have no impact on cell growth and cancer development

Provide examples of tumor suppressor genes and their role in cancer prevention.

• Examples of tumor suppressor genes include APC, SMAD4, and VHL. Their role is to promote the development of cancer by repairing DNA damage and inhibiting cell growth.

• Examples of tumor suppressor genes include CDK4, CDK6, and Cyclin D1. Their role is to promote the development of cancer by inhibiting cell death and repairing DNA damage.

• Examples of tumor suppressor genes include KRAS, MYC, and EGFR. Their role is to promote the development of cancer by stimulating cell growth and inhibiting cell death.

• Examples of tumor suppressor genes include TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2, and PTEN. Their role is to prevent the development of cancer by inhibiting cell growth, promoting cell death, and repairing DNA damage.

What are oncogenes and how do they contribute to the development of cancer?

• Oncogenes are genes that promote cancer development by enhancing cell growth, preventing cell death, and promoting invasion and metastasis.

• Oncogenes are genes that suppress cancer development by inhibiting cell growth and promoting cell death.

• Oncogenes are genes that have no impact on cancer development.

• Oncogenes are genes that only contribute to the development of benign tumors.

Explain the mechanisms by which oncogenes promote uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.

• Oncogenes promote apoptosis and cell death

• Oncogenes activate signaling pathways and inhibit tumor suppressor genes

• Oncogenes enhance the function of tumor suppressor genes

• Oncogenes repair damaged DNA and prevent cell division