6.03 ancient Greece

Match the following

• Peloponnesus:

• country to the north of Greece, led by Alexander the Great

• Macedonia:  

• a mini country the size of a city, it has a unique identity (different from other city-states)

• peninsula:  

• the open market space located in the center of Greek city-states; trading took place here, along with political discussions

• agora:   

• a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides

• city state:  

• the main Greek peninsula where Sparta is located; its culture is different from the rest of Greece

Match the following

• circa:  

• meaning “around this time”

• fresco:  

• the belief in many different gods

• polytheism:  

• a system of government ruled by a single leader (often a king)

• monarchy:  

• an art-form in which paint is mixed into wet plaster

• cultural diffusion:

• the mixing of different cultures

Match the following

• Athens:  

• major Greek city-state named after a goddess, located on the Greek mainland, and a center of arts and education.  Government was democracy led by the Strategoi, Council of 500, and the Assembly

• Hellenistic Age:  

• major Greek city-state located on the Peloponnesus, culture focused on having a strong military (army).  Government was an oligarchy led by the aristocrats.

• Sparta:  

• time period when Alexander the Great spread Greek culture to non-Greek people in southwest Asia

• Mycenaeans: 

• early Greek civilization located on island of Crete; people were primarily sailors; government was a monarchy

  contributions:  their trade with Egypt and Mesopotamia spread Greek culture and gathered information from other civilizations

• Minoans:  

• early Greek civilization located on the Peloponnesus; fought in the Trojan War; decline led to isolation of cities

  contribution:  isolated cities led to the development of city-states and oral traditions save history until written records appear c. 800 BC

Match the following

• The Iliad and The Odyssey:  

• “high city” built on the hill above Athens; location of a famous temple

• epic:

• massive temple to Athena built during the Peloponnesian War

• Acropolis:  

• a long poem narrating the adventures of a hero who does not have super powers; __ heroes must rely on their own natural abilities

• Parthenon:  

• a blind poet who created two epics, The Iliad and The Odyssey, c. 700 BC

• Homer:  

• epics created by Homer.  One tells the story of Odysseus’ adventures during the Trojan War, the other tells of his adventures after the war.

Match the following

• Peloponnesian War:  

• fought between Greeks and Persians from c. 499 to c. 479 BC.  Cause:  Athens supported a Persian territory’s attempt to gain independence.  Key Moments:  battles of Marathon and Thermopylae.  Results:  Greeks win, ending Persian attempts to conquer Greece

• Persian War:  

• government ruled by a few citizens; government used by Sparta

• oligarchy:

• government in which the citizens have the power to make decisions by voting; government used by Athens

• Trojan War:  

• war between the Greeks and Trojans that occurred c. 1300 BC.  Homer’s epic poems blame a dispute between gods as the cause of the war, in reality it was mostly likely caused by a trade disagreement.  

• democracy:

• fought between Athens and Sparta from c. 431 to 404 BC.  Cause:  distrust and rivalry between Athens and Sparta.  Key Moments:  disease kills large number of Athenians.  Results:  Sparta wins and takes control of Athens

Match the following

• Socrates:

• Athenian philosopher who encouraged young men to discuss the purpose of life.  He used questions to challenge people to rethink their opinions

• Aristotle:  

• student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great, used logic and observations to develop “scientific” explanations of the world

• philosopher:  

• leader of Macedonia, conquered Greece, encouraged culture diffusion and created the Hellenistic Age

• Alexander the Great:  

• student of Socrates, believed that education and the search for truth was vital, even if it was painful

• Plato:  

• a person who searches for truth and the meaning of life

Sparta

Macedonia

Persia/Turkey

Aegean Sea