What is the primary function of the control unit in a processor?

C) Control and coordinate the execution of instructions

A) Execute arithmetic operations

D) Interface with external devices

How does the use of a cache memory improve processor performance in real-world applications?

B) By providing faster access to frequently used data

A) By increasing the clock speed

C) By expanding the instruction set

D) By enhancing the capabilities of the ALU

In a multitasking operating system, how does a processor efficiently switch between different running programs?

C) Through the use of context switching

B) By employing a larger cache memory

D) By adding more registers to the processor

How does pipelining contribute to the overall speedup of instruction execution in a processor? Answer: B) By executing multiple instructions in parallel stages

B) By executing multiple instructions in parallel stages

A) By increasing the clock frequency

C) By expanding the size of the cache memory

D) By improving the efficiency of the ALU

In a superscalar processor, what key feature allows it to execute more than one instruction per clock cycle?

B) Instruction-level parallelism

How does the concept of out-of-order execution contribute to improving processor performance?

B) By reordering and executing independent instructions for better utilization

A) By executing instructions in the order they are fetched

C) By increasing the clock speed

D) By expanding the size of the register file

In the context of processor design, what role does speculative execution play in enhancing performance?

A) Predicting and executing instructions before it is certain they will be needed

B) Executing instructions based on the current clock cycle

C) Repeating the execution of instructions to ensure accuracy

D) Performing arithmetic operations with high precision

How does the concept of instruction pipelining impact the throughput of a processor in data-intensive applications?

C) By overlapping the execution of multiple instructions

A) By slowing down the execution of instructions

B) By reducing the clock frequency

D) By increasing the size of the cache memory

In a computer system, what is the significance of a memory hierarchy in relation to processor performance? Answer: C) It optimizes data access by using different levels of memory with varying speeds and sizes

C) It optimizes data access by using different levels of memory with varying speeds and sizes

A) It allows for more clock cycles per second

B) It ensures all data is stored in cache memory

D) It increases the size of the instruction set

How does the concept of register renaming contribute to improving the efficiency of a processor in executing instructions?

B) By allowing more instructions to be executed simultaneously

A) By increasing the clock frequency

C) By expanding the size of the cache memory

D) By increasing the size of the instruction set

In a modern processor, how does speculative execution relate to reducing the impact of branch instructions on performance? Answer: B) By predicting the outcome of branch instructions and speculatively executing instructions

B) By predicting the outcome of branch instructions and speculatively executing instructions

A) By avoiding the execution of branch instructions

C) By executing branch instructions after all other instructions

D) By increasing the size of the branch prediction buffer

In a virtual memory system, what is the purpose of the page replacement algorithm?

B) To swap pages between main memory and secondary storage

A) To allocate pages to processes

C) To manage the translation of virtual addresses

D) To synchronize processes accessing shared memory

How does demand paging contribute to efficient memory usage in modern operating systems? Answer: B) By swapping out pages that are not immediately needed

B) By swapping out pages that are not immediately needed

A) By preloading all pages into main memory

C) By allocating a fixed amount of memory to each process

D) By increasing the size of the page table

What is the role of a TLB (Translation Lookaside Buffer) in memory management?

C) To translate virtual addresses to physical addresses

A) To store the entire page table

B) To cache frequently accessed pages

D) To manage the allocation of pages to processes

How does the concept of segmentation differ from paging in memory management?

C) Segmentation involves dividing a program into logical segments, while paging involves dividing memory into fixed-size pages.

A) Segmentation divides memory into fixed-size pages, while paging divides memory into variable-sized segments.

B) Segmentation uses a single-level page table, while paging uses a multi-level page table.

D) Segmentation and paging are synonymous and can be used interchangeably.

How does the concept of memory mapping contribute to interprocess communication in modern operating systems? Answer: B) By sharing a common address space between cooperating processes

B) By sharing a common address space between cooperating processes

A) By allocating a fixed amount of memory to each process

C) By using demand paging for efficient memory usage

D) By increasing the size of the TLB

In a multi-user operating system, how is the problem of external fragmentation typically addressed in memory management?

B) By compaction, rearranging allocated memory to create larger contiguous blocks

A) By using a buddy system for memory allocation

C) By increasing the size of the TLB

D) By swapping pages between main memory and secondary storage

How does the concept of shared memory contribute to enhancing communication between parallel processes?

C) By allowing multiple processes to access the same physical memory locations

A) By allocating a separate memory space for each process

B) By using message passing for communication

D) By increasing the size of the page table

What is the purpose of a memory-mapped file in memory management?

B) To create a virtual memory space for a file on secondary storage

A) To allocate memory for file storage

C) To manage the translation of virtual addresses

D) To synchronize processes accessing shared memory

How does the concept of overcommitting memory relate to efficient memory utilization in virtual memory systems?

C) By using demand paging to swap out unnecessary pages

A) By allocating more physical memory than is available

B) By releasing memory immediately after it is allocated

D) By increasing the size of the TLB

In a paging system, how does the page table contribute to the translation of virtual addresses to physical addresses?

B) By mapping virtual pages to physical page frames

A) By storing the contents of all pages in main memory

C) By swapping out pages that are not immediately needed

D) By synchronizing processes accessing shared memory

What is the primary purpose of an I/O interface in a computer system?

C) To control and coordinate I/O operations

A) To execute arithmetic operations

D) To provide virtual memory support

In interfacing, what does DMA stand for?

D) Data Management Architecture

How does polling differ from interrupt-driven I/O in interfacing?

B) Interrupt-driven I/O requires less processor involvement

A) Polling is more efficient for high-speed devices

C) Polling is a form of parallel I/O

D) Interrupt-driven I/O relies on busy-waiting

What is the purpose of a device controller in interfacing?

C) To interface with external devices

A) To execute application programs

B) To manage the allocation of memory

D) To perform arithmetic and logic operations

How does memory-mapped I/O simplify interfacing with peripherals?

C) By treating I/O devices as memory locations

A) By allocating separate memory for each I/O device

B) By using a dedicated bus for I/O operations

D) By using interrupt-driven I/O exclusively

What is the purpose of a handshake signal in interfacing with peripherals?

A) To synchronize data transmission

C) To manage interrupt requests

D) To control power consumption

How does USB (Universal Serial Bus) simplify interfacing for peripherals in modern computer systems?

C) By supporting hot-swapping and plug-and-play capabilities

A) By providing a parallel communication protocol

B) By requiring device-specific drivers for each peripheral

D) By using a dedicated bus for each device category

What is the role of an I/O port address in interfacing with devices?

B) To allocate memory for I/O operations

C) To provide power to the device

In interfacing, how does synchronous communication differ from asynchronous communication?

C) Synchronous communication relies on a shared clock signal

A) Synchronous communication uses start and stop bits

B) Asynchronous communication requires a clock signal

D) Asynchronous communication is faster than synchronous communication

What is the purpose of a device driver in interfacing with peripherals?

B) To control and communicate with a specific hardware device

A) To physically connect devices to the computer

C) To manage virtual memory operations

D) To execute application programs

How does programmable I/O differ from memory-mapped I/O in interfacing?

B) Memory-mapped I/O treats devices as memory locations, while programmable I/O uses dedicated registers

A) Programmable I/O does not require device drivers

C) Memory-mapped I/O is only suitable for low-speed devices

D) Programmable I/O uses a dedicated bus for each device category

What is the purpose of a status register in interfacing with I/O devices?

C) To indicate the status of the device (busy, ready, etc.)

B) To synchronize data transmission

D) To allocate memory for I/O operations

How does the concept of I/O buffering enhance system performance in interfacing?

B) By reducing the need for frequent I/O operations

A) By allocating separate memory for each I/O device

C) By using a dedicated bus for I/O operations

D) By treating I/O devices as memory locations

What role does the interrupt controller play in interfacing with multiple devices?

B) To manage interrupt requests and prioritize them

A) To provide power to the devices

C) To synchronize data transmission

D) To allocate memory for I/O operations

How does a memory-mapped I/O address differ from a regular memory address in interfacing?

B) Regular memory addresses are used for data storage, while memory-mapped I/O addresses are used for interfacing with peripherals

A) Memory-mapped I/O addresses are only used for storage devices

C) Memory-mapped I/O addresses are only used for communication between devices

D) Regular memory addresses are used exclusively for the CPU

What is the significance of bus arbitration in interfacing with multiple devices on a shared bus?

D) It resolves conflicts for control of the bus

A) It determines the physical connection of devices to the computer

B) It synchronizes data transmission

C) It manages interrupt requests

In interfacing, how does a parallel interface differ from a serial interface?

A) Parallel interfaces transmit multiple bits simultaneously, while serial interfaces transmit one bit at a time

B) Parallel interfaces are only used for high-speed devices

C) Serial interfaces use a dedicated bus for communication

D) Parallel interfaces are less reliable than serial interfaces

What is the purpose of a buffer register in interfacing with I/O devices?

C) To temporarily hold data during transfers between devices

B) To synchronize data transmission

D) To allocate memory for I/O operations

FE_CAO

Authored by Gracechell Pascua

Computers

University

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Convert the binary number 11001 to decimal. The answer is:

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Convert the decimal number 45 to binary:

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Convert the hexadecimal number B2 to binary:

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Convert the binary number 11011 to hexadecimal

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FE_CAO

Convert the binary number 11001 to decimal. The answer is:

Convert the decimal number 45 to binary:

Convert the hexadecimal number B2 to binary:

Convert the binary number 11011 to hexadecimal

Convert the decimal number 20 to hexadecimal:

Convert the hexadecimal number 2C to decimal:

Convert the binary number 10101100 to its decimal equivalent:

Convert the decimal number 168 to binary equivalent:

Convert the binary number 11010010 to a decimal number.

Convert 11010100 from base 2 to base 16

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