Learning

What is a reinforcer？

• Anything that decreases the frequency of a behavior

• Anything that the subject loves

• Anything that the subject will work for

• Anything that follows a behavior and increases the frequency of a behavior

Which of the following describes negative reinforcement

• A mother gives her son praise for doing homework

• Sarah studies hard because it earns her "A" grades in English

• Bob washes the dishes in order to stop his mother's nagging

• Dennis used to walk to school but does not do so anymore because he was attacked by a dog in the neighborhood last month.

A customer loyalty program in which you receive a 40% off after accumulating 5,000 points is an example of a _____ reinforcement schedule.

• Fixed ratio

• Variable ratio

• Fixed interval

• Variable interval

The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses is called _________________________.

Tamara normally feeds her cat canned cat food. She noticed that every time she uses her electric can opener, her cat comes to the kitchen. What is the conditioned stimulus?

• The cat food

• the sound of the electric can opener

• The cat coming to the kitchen

• Tamara

When a child hears a loud noise, he cries. The family's dog often barks loudly. Each time the child sees the dog, he cries. What is the conditioned response?

• the dog

• The loud noise

• The crying

• The Barking

Lynn is teaching learning. Every time she claps her hands, Charlie turns off the light. When Randy claps in approval of Lynn’s presentation, Charlie does not turn the light off. What concept has Charlie demonstrated?

• extinction

• discrimination

• spontaneous recovery

• generalization

In Pavlov’s experiment, what would likely happen if the tone (CS) was repeatedly presented without the food (US)?

• Generalization

• Extinction

• Discrimination

• Nothing

A teacher praises a student every time they participate in class discussions. Which type of reinforcement is this?

• Primary

• Negative

• Continuous

• Partial

In Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment, which of the following best explains why children imitated aggressive behavior?

• Extinction

• Positive reinforcement

• Observational learning

• Shaping