Holy Roman Empire

Who were the distant cousins to the Visigoths and resisted the Umayyad invasion?

• Saxons

• Vandals

• Franks

• Lombards

Who was the king of the Franks in 732 and prepared to meet the Umayyads at the Battle of Tours?

• Charles Martel

• Charlemagne

• Pepin the Short

• Otto the Great

Who was declared Emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III in 800, causing controversy with the Byzantine Empire?

• Otto the Great

• Pepin the Short

• Charlemagne

• Frederick Barbarossa

Which pope appealed to Frederick Barbarossa for aid, leading to the establishment of the Holy Roman Empire?

• Pope Leo III

• Pope John XII

• Pope Adrian IV

• Pope Eugene III

What event in 1157 led Frederick Barbarossa to declare his nation a Holy Empire and sever all imperial ties with the church?

• The Coronation in Rome

• The Second Crusade

• The Treaty of Constance

• The Revolt in Rome

What was the main reason for the lasting animosity between the new emperors and the papacy?

• Dispute over religious authority

• Dispute over trade routes

• Dispute over territory

• Dispute over succession

What was the title of the person sitting on the throne in Constantinople during the time of Pope Leo III's declaration of Charlemagne as Emperor of the Romans?

• Emperor of the Romans

• Empress Irene

• King of Italy

• Pope

What was the relationship between the church and the Roman Empire initially based on?

• Trade agreements

• Military alliances

• Religious conversion

• Mutual benefit

What was the main reason for the fall of the Western Roman Empire according to the text?

• Invasion by the Umayyad Caliphate

• Internal political conflicts

• Economic collapse

• Barbarian invasions

What was the name of the innovative tool designed to help learn and process information quickly and efficiently, mentioned in the text?

• IntellectIQ

• KnowledgeForge

• Brainboost

• Mindstone