Science Encore Unit 2 Practice Exam

Abigail, Harper, and Arjun are studying about different types of animals and their internal skeletons. They learned that a large part of these animals' masses is located in their bones. As an animal grows, its skeleton grows. A growing animal must increase the size of its bones. To do this, the animal needs lots of calcium, an element important to the structure of bones.

Harper asked, 'How can a growing animal get calcium to make new bone tissue?'

• by removing calcium from the air

• by removing calcium from its bones

• by consuming food that contains calcium

• by making calcium from other elements

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

Charlotte, Mason, and Priya are having a meal together. They are eating foods like meat, dairy products, and nuts, which are high in protein. Mason, curious about the process, asks, 'What happens to the protein we eat during digestion?'

• It is absorbed in the stomach

• It is broken into amino acids and absorbed in the small intestine

• It is broken down into fatty acids and absorbed in the mouth

• It is passed out in our waste

Abigail, Arjun, and Aiden are studying for their biology exam. They learned that when they eat a candy bar, their body performs a process called cellular respiration. This process involves a reaction between _________ and _________ in the candy bar to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP.

• proteins, glucose

• amino acids, oxygen

• fiber, water

• glucose, oxygen

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-3

Nora, Olivia, and Abigail are studying for their biology exam. They are discussing the topic of protein digestion, where proteins are broken down into smaller molecules called peptides and then into individual amino acids. They understand that amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins and that in cells, the process of protein synthesis constructs needed proteins by linking together these amino acids. They also know that many cellular processes depend on the digestion and synthesis of proteins.

They learned that there are 21 amino acids that make up all the proteins in every living organisms. Protein can be found in a variety of foods. Although animal products tend to have more proteins, certain nuts and grains are also good sources of protein.

During their study session, Nora asks Olivia and Abigail, 'Based on this information, which example best shows how proteins can be rearranged through chemical reactions to form new molecules?'

• Proteins from plants that Nora eats can be taken in by her body and broken down into amino acids, which can combine in new ways to form the muscle tissue she needs to grow.

• Proteins in the muscle tissue of animals can be broken down into amino acids and then remade into other needed proteins, but proteins found in plants that Olivia eats cannot be broken down.

• Amino acids from nuts and grains that Abigail eats change into different amino acids in her digestive system, and then they rearrange to form needed proteins like those that make up skin.

• Amino acids in animals can be connected to form the proteins needed to repair the skin, but amino acids stay separated in plants and do not form proteins.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

Luna, Anika, and Charlotte are studying about carbohydrates in their science class. They learned that sugars are carbohydrates and they looked at a model of a sugar called glucose.

They found out that glucose can be found in foods like honey. Can you help them understand what happens to glucose in the body?

• It goes through a physical change in the cell's nucleus to produce oxygen.

• It uses carbon dioxide in the cell's nucleus to produce a larger sugar molecule.

• It goes through chemical reactions with oxygen, which forms new molecules and provides energy for cells

• It goes through chemical reactions with carbon dioxide, which provides oxygen and energy for cells.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

The diagram represents the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration. The arrows entering the cell are inputs. The arrows exiting the cell are outputs.

Complete the diagram by adding the missing input and output.

b

c

methane

carbon dioxide

sunlight

oxygen

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Anika, Aiden, and Evelyn are studying the human body in their biology class. They learned that the muscles are part of the muscular system. They are curious to know which system provides the impulses that cause the muscles to contract during their gym class. Can you help them?

• respiratory

• nervous

• digestive

• musculoskeletal

Reorder the following:

All animals are multicellular. The cells that make up multicellular organisms are organized in specific ways to perform specialized functions. Five different levels of cellular organization for a sheep are shown below. Place the levels in order from the most complex level to the simplest level.

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-3

Noah, Evelyn, and Avery are studying human anatomy. They come across an organ that is approximately 21 feet in length. This organ takes the broken down food and helps move it into the blood stream by way of villi. Can you help them identify the organ?

• mouth

• stomach

• small intestine

• large intestine

Labe the organs of the digestive system!

b

a

c

d

e

mouth

stomach

esophagus

large intestine

small intestine