Unit 5 - Philosophy Review

Anarchism

• There is no conceivable justification for the government.

• Human nature is basically good, and society corrupts behavior.

• Theoretical Anarchism agrees with the basic premise.

• All of the above.

Autonomy and Self Rule

• Government has the legitimate right to control individuals.

• Government forces against autonomy and self-rule.

• None of the above.

• Government forces against autonomy and self-rule.

Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke

• Hobbes proposes the state of nature is good.

• Hobbes supports individual freedom.

• Locke believes government is necessary to preserve rights.

• Locke's philosophy influenced the Declaration of Independence.

Marxism and Collectivism

• Individual freedom and rights are paramount.

• Marxism is based on class conflict.

• Marxism opposes historical determinism.

• Collectivism prioritizes the common good.

John Stuart Mill

• Mill was a Utilitarian.

• Classical Liberalism is a left-wing ideology.

• Mill defended government paternalism..

• Rights are not important according to Mill.

Plato's Meritocracy

• Plato's ideal society is a democracy.

• Merit involves giving based on contribution.

• There are four classes in Plato's ideal society.

• Plato favored a society ruled by passion.

Thomas Aquinas

• Justice is conformity to a universal moral law.

• Natural law is subjective and varies.

• Aquinas supports anarchism.

• Justice is determined by government.

John Stuart Mill's Perspective

• Justice is based on individual rights.

• It is about producing the greatest good for the majority.

• Mill opposed the principle of utility.

• Justice is determined by the state of nature.

John Rawls

• Rawls wrote A Theory of Justice.

• Rawls asks us to imagine a society without equality.

• The "veil of ignorance" is a central concept.

• Rawls' principles include maximizing political inequality.

Principle one and Principle two

• The difference principle opposes equality.

• Rawls proposed three principles.

• Liberty and justice are incompatible.

• Equal liberty and difference principle.