passive -ing to-infinitive

A private school in China is taking its students back to traditional ways of learning, which involve (1)____(learn) the ancient art of calligraphy,...

• learning

• to learn

• being learned

... or decorative handwriting, and (2)____(study) ancient Chinese texts rather than...

• be studied

• studying

• to study

... rather than (3)____(teach) math or science.

• teaching

• be taught

• being taught

After (4)____(show) how to form the Chinese characters used in calligraphy, the students are then expected....

• be shown

• being showed

• having been shown

... how to form the Chinese characters used in calligraphy, the students are then expected (5)____(memorize) long passages from Chinese philosophy.

• memorizing

• to have memorized

• to memorize

The teachers believe that (6)____(educate) in such traditional ways enables the students...

• educating

• being educated

• educate

... enables the students (7)____(develop) better concentration skills.

• developing

• have developed

• to develop

Despite these methods (8)____(consider) old-fashioned by many, students appear to...

• be considered

• being considered

• consider

....old-fashioned by many, students appear to enjoy (9)____(challenge) in this way.

• be challenged

• being challenged

• challenging

The teaches hope their ideas will (10)____(adopt) by mainstream schools in the future.

• be adopted

• be adopting

• have been adopted