Saint Nicholas vocabulary

What does it mean that St. Nicholas is commemorated in the Eastern and Western churches?

• That those churches officially give respect to him by a public ceremony.

• That they show dishonor to the memory of him.

• That he doen't signify universal appeal as a figure of generosity, compassion, and care for others.

Nicholas’s existence ​ (a)   ​ (b)   by any historical document, so nothing certain is known of his life except that he was probably bishop of Myra in the 4th century.

• attested
• verify
• a fallacious argument
• is not
• is

Answer explanation

fallacy - false belief

a fallacious argument - false argument

verify - prove that something exists or is true, or to make certain that something is correct

Match with correct definitions

• persecution

• unfair or cruel treatment over a long period of time because of race, religion, or political beliefs

• enshine

• a special place in which you remember and praise someone who has died, especially someone famous

• merchant

• a group of people who have the same job or interest

• shrine

• to contain or keep something as if in a holy place

• fraternity

• a person whose job is to buy and sell products in large amounts, especially by trading with other countries

Have you ever been a pilgrim?

Do you know any pilgrimage centres?

What's a tub?

• a container used for storing food

• short form of bathtub

• water with salt in it, especially when used to preserve food

• a food made from fruit or vegetables boiled with sugar and water until it becomes a firm sauce

Mark correct usage of word "persist":

• The government is persisting with its ambitious public works programme.

• Must you persist in blaming yourself for what happened?

• His legend persisted as Sinterklaas.

• If the pain persists, consult a doctor.

• He persisted on his ideas, so we gave up.

Answer explanation

1. 1. if an unpleasant feeling or situation persists, it continues to exist

2. 2. to try to do or continue doing something in a determined but often unreasonable way

3. 3. to continue to exist past the usual time, or to continue to do something in a determined way even when facing difficulties or opposition

utrzymywać się, nie ustępować, upierać się, nalegać

Oranges and chocolate coins are common treats that represent St. Nicholas’s legendary rescue of three impoverished girls by paying their marriage dowries with gold.

• true

• false

The English took the tradition to New Amsterdam (now New York City) in the American colonies, where he was transformed into Santa Claus by the English-speaking majority.

• true

• false

Answer explanation

It was the Dutch.

malevolent means:

• being in a state between sleeping and being awake

• causing or wanting to cause goodness

• full of energy and enthusiasm; impossible to stop

• causing or wanting to cause harm or evil

Answer explanation

irrepressible - full of energy and enthusiasm; impossible to stop:

drowsy - being in a state between sleeping and being awake