Memory and Cognitive Processes Quiz

Define episodic memory and provide an example.

• Memory of facts and general knowledge

• Memory of specific events or episodes

• Memory of how to perform certain procedures

• Memory influenced by priming

Explain the difference between declarative and non-declarative memory with examples.

• Memory that is conscious vs unconscious

• Memory influenced by semantic vs procedural knowledge

• Memory of specific events vs general knowledge

• Memory that can be recalled vs memory that affects behavior without awareness

How does damage to the hippocampus affect the formation of new memories? Provide an example.

• It only affects procedural memory

• It impairs the retrieval of old memories

• It enhances episodic memory

• It impairs the formation of new memories while leaving old memories intact

Define temporally graded retrograde amnesia and explain its relationship with anterograde amnesia.

• Loss of recent memories but not old memories; occurs alongside anterograde amnesia

• Loss of old memories but not recent memories; occurs alongside anterograde amnesia

• Loss of both recent and old memories; occurs without anterograde amnesia

• Enhancement of both recent and old memories; occurs alongside anterograde amnesia

Name the three medial temporal lobe structures that connect the hippocampus to the 'what' and 'where' streams.

• Cerebellum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus

• Entorhinal cortex, Perirhinal cortex, Parahippocampal cortex

• Prefrontal cortex, Posterior cingulate cortex, Fusiform gyrus

• Amygdala, Hippocampus, Basal ganglia

Which type of memory is most dependent on the basal ganglia? Explain.

• Episodic Memory

• Semantic Memory

• Procedural Memory

• Priming Memory

Compare and contrast the standard model of consolidation with the multiple trace model.

• The standard model involves ongoing hippocampal involvement; the multiple trace model suggests gradual transfer

• The standard model suggests gradual transfer; the multiple trace model involves ongoing hippocampal involvement

• Both models suggest immediate transfer of memories

• Both models emphasize the role of the prefrontal cortex in memory consolidation

Differentiate between contextualized and schematized memories in the context of multiple trace theory.

• Contextualized memories hold specific details, while schematized memories are more generalized and abstract

• Contextualized memories are unconscious, while schematized memories are conscious

• Contextualized memories are emotional, while schematized memories are factual

• Contextualized memories are procedural, while schematized memories are declarative

Describe the main functions of the hippocampus according to cognitive map theory. What are place cells, and where are they located in the brain?

• The hippocampus is involved in emotional regulation; place cells are located in the amygdala

• The hippocampus is crucial for spatial memory; place cells are located in the hippocampus and become active in response to specific locations

• The hippocampus regulates motor functions; place cells are located in the basal ganglia

• The hippocampus is responsible for semantic memory; place cells are located in the prefrontal cortex

How do hippocampal representations of space differ from parietal representations?

• Hippocampal representations focus on sensory aspects, while parietal representations focus on cognitive maps

• Hippocampal representations focus on cognitive maps, while parietal representations focus on sensory and motor aspects of space

• Hippocampal representations focus on procedural memory, while parietal representations focus on episodic memory

• Hippocampal representations focus on declarative memory, while parietal representations focus on implicit memory