Chapter 13b Solubility

Like dissolves like means that:

polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes

and

non-polar solvents dissolve polar solutes.

• True

• False

Oil does not dissolve in water because

• both oil and water are polar.

• both oil and water are non-polar.

• oil is non-polar and water is polar.

• oil is polar and water is non-polar.

Substances that dissolve in water must interrupt the intermolecular hydrogen bonding in water and then form other bonds with water.

• True

• False

The chemical bonds that form between chloride ions and water molecules are best described as

• chloride-water bonds.

• ion-dipole bonds.

• negative-positive bonds.

• ionic bonds.

The process of HCl dissolving into water is best described as

• ionisation.

• dissolution.

• precipitation.

• fragmentation.

The bonds formed between water and ammonia molecules are best described as

• hydrogen bonds.

• covalent bonds.

• dipole-dipole bonds.

• intermolecular bonds.

To remove sulfate ions (SO₄^2-) from a solution by precipitation you could add

• Ca²⁺.

• Na⁺.

• Ba²⁺.

• Fe³⁺.

To remove chloride ions (Cl^-) from a solution by precipitation you could add

• K⁺.

• Fe²⁺.

• Ag⁺.

• Al³⁺.

To remove magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) from a solution by precipitation you could add

• OH^-.

• NO₃^-.

• SO₄^2-.

• Cl^-.

A balanced ionic precipitation reaction for removing phosphate ions with aluminium ions is

• Al³⁺(aq) + PO₄^3-(aq) → AlPO₄(s)

• Al²⁺(aq) + PO₄^3-(aq) → Al₃(PO₄)₂(s)

• Al²⁺(aq) + PO₄^2-(aq) → AlPO₄(s)

• Al³⁺(aq) + PO₄^-(aq) → Al(PO₄)₃(s)