Central Dogma Review Quiz

What is the process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself?

• RNA transcription

• DNA replication

• Cell division

• Protein synthesis

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

• G1 phase

• S phase

• G2 phase

• M phase

What is the first step of transcription?

• Translation

• Initiation

• Termination

• Elongation

What is the name of the enzyme responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA?

• RNA polymerase

• Glycogen phosphorylase

• ATP synthase

• DNA helicase

What is the function of mRNA in the process of translation?

• Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis

• Regulates the expression of genes

• Transports amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis

• Serves as a structural component of the ribosome

What is the role of tRNA in the process of translation?

• tRNA acts as a catalyst in protein synthesis

• tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome

• tRNA is responsible for producing ATP

• tRNA helps in DNA replication

What is a point mutation?

• A change in a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence

• A change in the number of DNA strands

• A change in an entire chromosome

• A change in the cell membrane structure

What is the difference between a silent mutation and a missense mutation?

• A silent mutation changes the amino acid sequence, while a missense mutation does not

• A silent mutation occurs in non-coding DNA, while a missense mutation occurs in coding DNA

• A silent mutation does not result in a change to the amino acid sequence, while a missense mutation results in a change to the amino acid sequence.

• A silent mutation has no effect on the protein, while a missense mutation completely alters the protein structure

What are the potential consequences of a mutation in the DNA sequence?

• Genetic disorders, diseases, or cancer

• Increased lifespan

• Enhanced physical strength

• Improved immune system