1.3.3a/b Network Protocols & Layering

A protocol can be described as a set of rules to govern data transmission between devices in a home automation system.

Imagine you're in a bustling city where smartphones, computers, and IoT devices are like citizens speaking different languages. Why are protocols crucial for these 'digital citizens' to communicate effectively in this urban environment?

• Allowing them to communicate.

• By ensuring all devices follow the same rules/standards.

• So they interpret data/signals in the same way.

• Predict the future behaviour of connected devices.

Reorder the following layers of the TCP/IP stack:

• Link

• Transport

• Network

• Application

Match the following layers with a task they complete:

• Apply an appropriate protocol

• Network

• Add MAC addresses to create frames

• Transport

• And port numbers and sequences

• Application

• Create a socket: IP address & port

• Link

Match the following protocols to their definitions:

• Used for sending files over WANs

• IP

• Error free transmission between routers

• TCP

• Maintains email synchronicity

• FTP

• Transfers outgoing emails

• SMTP

• Routes packets on a WAN

• IMAP

Imagine you're sending a holiday greeting email to a friend overseas. Consider the advantages of protocol layering in this context:

• Reduces complex problems into smaller subproblems

• Devices such as routers and servers are manufactured to operate within specific layers

• Used to ensure that each layer performs the same function

• Email clients and servers from different manufacturers are compatible

Match the following protocols to their layer:

• Application

• IP

• Network

• UDP

• Transport

• TCP

• Transport

• FTP

• Application

• HTTPS

Imagine you're working on a project that requires you to send a large video file to a colleague in another country. Which protocol would you use to transfer the file efficiently and securely?

• FTP

• FPS

• HTTP

• SMTP

• UDP

Imagine you're at a coffee shop using their Wi-Fi to browse the internet. The set of rules that the coffee shop's Wi-Fi (acting as a web server) and your laptop (acting as a web browser) follow to request and supply data is known as?

• FTP

• SFTP

• HTTP

• HTTPS

• SMTP

Imagine you're setting up your email client on a new laptop. You want a protocol that will download all your emails and then remove them from the server to save space. Which protocol would you use?

• SMTP

• SFTP

• POP

• IMAP

• HTTPS