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Hermann Ebbinghaus

• Pioneering memory researcher who studied relearning, retention, and forgettin (“retention” & “forgetting” curve)

• Proposed three-stage model for memory (sensory memory → short-term memory → long-term memory)

• Proposed short-term memory capacity is 7+/-2

• Studied the neural basis for memory & learning using sea slugs

Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin

• Proposed short-term memory capacity is 7+/-2

• Proposed three-stage model for memory (sensory memory → short-term memory → long-term memory)

• Studied insight learning in animals

• Studied representativeness & availability heuristics 

Amos Tversky & Daniel Kahneman

• Studied insight learning in animals

• Studied memory reconstruction and the misinformation effect

• Studied insight learning in animals

• Studied representativeness & availability heuristics 

Wolfgang Kohler

• Studied insight learning in animals

• Studied the neural basis for memory & learning using sea slugs

• Studied memory reconstruction and the misinformation effect

• Proposed short-term memory capacity is 7+/-2

Eric Kandel

• Proposed three-stage model for memory (sensory memory → short-term memory → long-term memory)

• Studied representativeness & availability heuristics 

• Studied the neural basis for memory & learning using sea slugs

• Studied representativeness & availability heuristics 

Elizabeth Loftus

• Proposed short-term memory capacity is 7+/-2

• Studied the neural basis for memory & learning using sea slugs

• Studied representativeness & availability heuristics 

• Studied memory reconstruction and the misinformation effect

George A. Miller

• Studied insight learning in animals

• Studied memory reconstruction and the misinformation effect

• Proposed short-term memory capacity is 7+/-2

• Studied representativeness & availability heuristics 

George A. Miller

• Studied insight learning in animals

• Studied memory reconstruction and the misinformation effect

• Proposed short-term memory capacity is 7+/-2

• Studied representativeness & availability heuristics