Chapter 10 quiz

What is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment?

• a) Independent variable

• b) Dependent variable

• c) Confounding variable

• d) Control variable

Random assignment of participants to conditions in an experiment helps achieve which goal?

• a) Ensure high statistical power

• b) Create equivalent groups for comparison

• c) Reduce hypothesis guessing

• d) Minimize attrition

How does a posttest-only experimental design differ from a pretest-posttest design?

• a) The posttest-only design lacks a baseline pretest measure

• b) The posttest-only design occurs within a single session

• c) The pretest-posttest design uses a control group

• d) The pretest-posttest design has higher construct validity

What is one purpose of manipulation checks in experiments?

• a) To facilitate random assignment

• b) To assess if the manipulation worked as intended

• c) To measure the dependent variable

• d) To evaluate external validity

Why might researchers prioritize internal validity over external validity in experiments?

• a) Internal validity is faster to establish

• b) External validity relies first on demonstrating internal validity

• c) Experiments always have high external validity anyway

• d) Construct validity should take priority

What key difference distinguishes independent groups and within groups experiments?

• a) Use of control or placebo groups

• b) Whether conditions are experienced by all participant groups or each group gets one condition

• c) Inclusion of pretest measures

• d) whether conditions are experienced one at a time or all at once

In an experiment where participants are randomly assigned to conditions, what type of design is this?

• a) Quasi-experiment

• b) Factorial

• c) Posttest-only

• d) Pretest-posttest

Which type of validity in research helps rule out selection effects?

• a) Statistical

• b) External

• c) Convergent

• d) Internal

What is one purpose of counterbalancing in within-groups designed experiments?

• a) To facilitate participant matching

• b) To control for order effects

• c) To minimize hypothesis guessing

• d) To improve external validity

In a true experiment, which element must be included?

• a) Representative sample

• b) Blind experimenters

• c) Manipulation of the independent variable

• d) Follow-up measures