Unit 5: Protein Synthesis

Albumin is a protein that is secreted by liver cells and transported to the bloodstream. What factor most directly determines the amino acids that are combined to create albumin?

• the temperature of the cell when translation is taking place

• The number of chromosomes in a cell

• the sequences of nucleotides in DNA

• the amount of energy that is available in the cell

What components make up the backbone of a DNA molecule? Select 2 correct answers.

• purines

• deoxyribose

• pyrimidines

• ribosomes

• phosphate groups

A segment of DNA strand is as follows: 3' AGGTCAGGT 5'

Fill in the blank to complete the complementary DNA strand for the segment shown.

5' TC ______A 3'

The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA varies widely. The sequence of bases in DNA is most important for which of the following?

• Providing the instructions for the traits of an organism

• preventing mutations from occurring during DNA replication

• allowing the DNA to have the shape necessary for replication

• helping form the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA molecules

A sequence of DNA template strand is shown along with an mRNA codon chart.

What is the correct amino acid chain produced from the DNA template strand?

Amino acids chain: ​ (a)   ​ (b)   ​ (c)  

• Leucine
• Proline
• Arginine
• Aspargine
• Isoleucine
• Serine
• Phenylalanine
• STOP

A diagram of the steps in the production of a protein is shown.

Which description identifies the purpose of Step A in this process?

• to correct mutation in the DNA sequence

• to produce an exact copy of the DNA molecule

• to copy the DNA of a gene sequence onto a strand of mRNA

• to assist in the folding of a protein

A diagram of the steps in the production of a protein is shown.

Which description identifies the purpose of Step B in this process?

• to translate a strand of mRNA into a polypeptide chain

• to produce an exact copy of the DNA molecule

• to copy the DNA of a gene sequence onto a strand of mRNA

• to assist in the folding of a protein

The model below shows transcription of DNA. Which amino acid would be coded first from the DNA strand being transcribed?

• methionine

• leucine

• serine

• stop

A partial DNA segment and an mRNA codon chart are shown. Complete the mRNA sequence that is encoded in the partial DNA segment.

mRNA Sequence: 5' AG______C 3'

A partial DNA segment and an mRNA codon chart are shown. What amino acid sequence is encoded in the partial DNA segment?

• serine-threonine-tyrosine

• serine-serine-tyrosine

• serine-threonine-methionine

• serine-alanine-methionine