ITE302c - 2

What causes bias?

• A. Biases are caused by the opinions of our families.
  

• B. Bias is biological, we are born with it.
  

• C. Bias is caused by the media.
  

• D. Biases are learned from our families, our social groups, and the media.

What is the fundamental attribution error?

• A. When you believe your chances of experiencing something negative are lower and your chances of experiencing something positive are higher than others.
  

• B. When you believe your ideas are normal and that the majority of people agree with you.
  

• C. When you say your bad behavior is caused by the situation, but when other people display the same bad behavior, it is caused by a personality trait.
  

• D. When you incorrectly assume a cause and effect relationship for two correlated variables.

When conducting an opinion poll, which of the following biases do you need to guard against the most when collecting your data?

• A. Correlation bias
  

• B. Modeling bias
  

• C. Misclassification bias
  

• D. Sampling bias

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive bias?

• A. Correlation bias
  

• B. Modeling bias
  

• C. Misclassification bias
  

• D. Anchoring bias

Are criminal justice risk assessments race-neutral?

• A. No, the data is biased as it reflects historical bias.
  

• B. Yes, technology in itself is not racist.
  

• C. Yes, algorithms replace human judgement and they are unbiased.
  

• D. No, it is designed with intention to be unfair.

Which type of bias causes people to trust an automated decision-making system (ADS) over a human's decision?

• A. Automation bias
  

• B. Confirmation bias
  

• C. Complacency bias
  

• D. Implicit bias

How can confirmation bias impact us socially? (Select two.)

• A. It can prevent us from being social with other people.
  

• B. It can impede socio-political cooperation.
  

• C. It can lead to a diverse set of friends.
  

• D. It can lead to groupthink, which can in turn halt forward progress.

Which of the following describes an illusory-correlation bias?

• A. When you incorrectly assume a correlation because there is an illusory confounding variable.
  

• B. When you correlate variables that do not exist in your data set.
  

• C. When you correlate a variable with a confounding variable.
  

• D. When you incorrectly assume a cause and effect relationship because two variables are correlated.

Which of the following is one explanation for why cognitive biases exist?

• A. We use them to help remember things.
  

• B. We receive too much information and are overloaded.
  

• C. They are taught to us in school.
  

• D. They help us think logically instead of emotionally.

Which of the following is a formative ethics theory that states that maximizing happiness is the primary standard for determining what is right or wrong?

• A. Categorical imperative
  

• B. Utilitarianism
  

• C. Deontology
  

• D. Virtue ethics