Heat, Matter, and Changes in Energy at the Molecular Level

In which state does water have the highest kinetic energy?

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• each state has the same amount of kinetic energy

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Which change made to a sample of liquid would result in an increase in the distance between the individual molecules of a liquid

• transferring the substance to a smaller container

• adding heat energy to the substance

• changing the phase of matter from liquid to solid

• decreasing the overall kinetic energy of the liquid

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

As thermal energy is added to a substance, which of the following changes can be predicted?

• spacing between particles will decrease

• vibration of individual particles will increase

• temperature of the substance will decrease

• the pressure of the substance will increase

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Which best describes the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy of particles of a substance?

• As kinetic energy decreases, temperature is not affected.

• As kinetic energy increases, temperature decreases.

• As kinetic energy decreases, temperature increases.

• As kinetic energy increases, temperature increases.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

What happens to water molecules when a large quantity of thermal energy is added to water in the liquid state?

• the more thermal energy added, the greater the attraction between molecules

• the molecules gain kinetic energy, move farther apart and become a gas

• water molecules become packed closer together, and their temperature increases

• each molecule gives up kinetic energy and eventually stops moving

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

As ice cream melts, its particles

• gain energy, move faster and farther apart

• gain energy, move slowly and get closer together

• lose energy, move faster and farther apart

• lose energy, move slowly and get closer together

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

When temperature of a solid increases, it

• doesn't change size

• expands

• contracts

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

What does temperature measure?

• How much an object experiences thermal expansion

• How much kinetic energy is in the particles of a substance

• How hot or cold something is

• How fast heat moves into a thermometer

Which of these properties is shared by solids, liquids, and gases?

• They have a constant volume

• They have a definite shape

• They expand of fill their containers

• Their particles are in constant motion

Which principle best explains how a thermometer works?

• a liquid expands when heated and contracts when cooled

• a liquid contracts when heated and expands when cooled

• a liquid changes to a gas when heated

• a gas changes to a liquid when heated