Lesson 5.2 Review

How did the Industrial Revolution change social organization, especially in British society?

• People lived closer together in cities, forming connections with those who shared physical space over family ties.
• Families grew in size to encompass both extended family as well as neighbors nearby.
• Extended family communities were replaced by nuclear families without support systems.
• The prior focus on families was replaced by extreme focus on the individual.

Working conditions in factories were often horrendous. What, then, drew people into cities to work in these industrial factories?

• Chances to live in cities
• Fewer taxes on city dwellers
• Opportunity for social mobility
• Strong sense of community

What pushed British capitalists to fund railroads and ports in southern Russia and Argentina?

• Desire for cheap wheat
• Stories of gold deposits
• Markets to sell silver
• Access to sea routes

What role did copper and its production play in the Industrial Revolution?

• It was sometimes burned instead of coal to power steam engines.
• It was an important cash crop that bolstered European economies.
• It was important for harvesting tools used on sugar cane plantations.
• It was used in many industrial technologies and processes.

Why was the Meiji Restoration more of a revolution, than a restoration?

• It rebelled against previous efforts to industrialize Japan.
• It destroyed the position of emperor, a long-held position in Japan.
• It pushed for Japanese modernization, which had been resisted before.
• It dismantled all previous trade agreements and international relationships.

How was Japan still at a disadvantage for industrialization after the Meiji Restoration?

• Limited access to trade
• Distant location
• Anti-industrial policies
• Lack of raw materials

What event predated the Meiji Restoration and fed into fears regarding European countries growing in industrial power?

• The fall of the shogunate
• The Scramble for Africa
• China’s defeat in the Opium Wars
• Creation of the Act of Seclusion

What effect did the Meiji Restoration have on the political structure of Japan?

• It had little political effect as the Meiji Restoration focused on industrialization and economic reform.
• It led to the centralization of power under the emperor and a slow transition towards a modern nation-state.
• It stripped power from the samurai class and led to stricter controls on public discussion and participation.
• It created a system of centralized power under which a shogun ran the country with a team of lead advisors.

What industry did Egypt focus its industrial efforts on in the nineteenth century?

• Cotton production
• The manufacturing of goods
• Silver processing
• Railroad expansion

What challenge did both Japan and Egypt face when it came to industrialization that Japan was able to overcome, but Egypt was not?

• Lack of coal to power factories
• Poor leadership or emperors
• Lack of raw materials for production
• Difficult location for trade