4. Forest Society and Colonialism

1. What is the term for the disappearance of forests?

• Deforestation
• Forest Erosion
• Forest Vanishing
• Forest Diminution

2. During which period was a significant amount of forest cleared for industrial uses, cultivation, and fuelwood?

• 1700-1995
• 1500-1700
• 1800-1900
• 2000-2020

3. In 1600, what percentage of India's landmass was under cultivation?

• 0.16
• 0.25
• 0.5
• 0.75

4. What was the main reason for the rapid expansion of cultivation during the colonial period?

• Encouragement of commercial crops
• Decrease in forest protection laws
• Introduction of scientific forestry
• Decline in population

5. Who was the first Inspector General of Forests in India, responsible for introducing scientific forestry?

• Dietrich Brandis
• John Dawson
• William Ward
• Gunda Dhur

6. What is the term for the system of cutting trees controlled by the forest department, involving planting one type of tree in straight rows?

• Scientific Forestry
• Sustainable Forestry
• Traditional Forestry
• Ecological Forestry

7. What law, enacted in 1865, divided forests into reserved, protected, and village categories?

• Indian Forest Act
• Forest Preservation Law
• Conservation Act
• Forest Management Act

8. What major impact did the Forest Act have on forest dwellers' lives?

• Deprivation of customary hunting rights
• Expansion of agricultural opportunities
• Encouragement of shifting cultivation
• Increase in forest resources

9. What was the major impact of European colonialism on shifting cultivation practices in India?

• Banning of shifting cultivation
• Encouragement of shifting cultivation
• Introduction of new crops
• Legalization of forest use

10. Who was the leader of the 1910 rebellion in Bastar against forest laws?

• Gunda Dhur
• Siddhu and Kanu
• William Ward
• Birsa Munda