Unit 5: WWI Review

While participating in international naval conferences to reduce or balance military forces showed evidence of American internationalism after WWI, evidence of American isolationism is demonstrated by

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  passing the Immigration Act of 1924 and enacting protectionist trade policies.

• joining the League of Nations and opening up to new immigrants.

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  the Civilian Conservation Corps and the Civil Works Administration.

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  actively working with European powers to uplift struggling countries around the world.

The Allies mostly rejected President Wilson's plan for peace for several reasons, including anger at Germany, the push to make Germany "pay," and the desire for taking Central Power's colonies. The one point the Allies agreed to and included in the Treaty of Versailles was the

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  establishment of the League of Nations to provide a forum to settle international disputes.

• rejection of creating the United Nations of Planets to settle issue related to space and time.

• allowance for the U.S. to provide only non-military supplies and assistance to the Allies in future wars.

• push to start a civil war in Germany in order to make the Germans "pay."

Even before the war was over, President Wilson presented his plan for world peace on January 18, 1918 to Congress. The Fourteen Points addressed preventing war, changing national boundaries based on self-determination, and creating the League of Nations which would

• provide a forum for nations to discuss and settle their grievances without having to resort to war.

• start on new organization to organize athletic leagues and competitions around the world.

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  keep nations from discussing and settling their grievances so they would have to resort to war.

• allow countries to propose Olympic Games-type competitions to settle their grievances.

After the fighting ended in World War I, President Wilson advocated for Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles. The United States Congress voted against ratifying the treaty because Congress

• argued signing the treaty would limit its power to make its own decisions under the Constitution.

• believed the Central Powers and especially Germany were not being punished enough.

• said the treaty and the League of Nations gave too much power to the United States.

• wanted to commit to more troops and money for the re-building of Europe.

One of the long term causes of World War I is identified as the competition of European powers for territories from Africa to Asia for resources and markets. European powers extended their authority over these territories in order to claim land for themselves.

What long term cause of World War I is described above?

• Alliances

• Nationalism

• Imperialism

• Militarism

The United States used propaganda through the use of posters like this.

The government's aim in doing this was to

• portray Germans as friendly to the United States so that the American people would support the Germans in the war.

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  show how German generosity helped their European neighbors which would sway American views in favor of the Triple Alliance.

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  paint the Kaiser as an oppressor of the German people, which would make Americans feel they should support them.

• depict the Kaiser as a madman, thereby the American citizens would sympathize with the European allies. They would then see the necessity to support the war against Germany.

Nationalism, a devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation, often led to competitive and antagonistic rivalries among nations. In this atmosphere of competition in the early 1900s, many feared Germany’s growing power in Europe. In addition,

• various ethnic groups resented domination by others and longed for their nations to become independent.

• all ethnic groups favored the domination by others and were against their nations to become independent.

• American immigrants to Europe longed for their nations to become independent.

• European immigrants of different ethnic groups came to America looking to become their own separate nation.

The Balkan Peninsula was known as “the powder keg of Europe” due to the ethnic rivalries among the Balkan peoples, and Europe’s leading powers had interests there.
In June 1914, the assassinations of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, and his wife touched off a diplomatic crisis. After Austria-Hungary declared what was expected to be a short war against Serbia in July 1914,

• the Ottoman Empire collapsed and Germany invaded Serbia to obtain new lands.

• the alliance system pulled one nation after another into the conflict and the Great War had begun.

• German U-Boats immediately sank the Lusitania to send a message to Americans.

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  countries in Europe dissolved their alliances and avoided war for several years.

By 1907 there were two major defense alliances in Europe. The Triple Alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. Germany and Austria-Hungary, together with the Ottoman Empire—an empire of mostly Middle Eastern lands controlled by the Turks—were later known as the Central Powers.
The Triple Entente, later known as the Allies and the countries the United States joined, consisted of

• Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia

• Great Britain, France, and the United States

• Great Britain, France, and Russia

• Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

During the early 1900s, America’s economic ties with the Allies were far stronger than its ties with the Central Powers. Before the war, American trade with Britain and France was more than double its trade with Germany. During the first two years of the war, America’s transatlantic trade

• reversed as Germany and Austria-Hungary flooded American manufacturers with orders for all sorts of war supplies, including dynamite, cannon powder, submarines, copper wire and tubing, and armored cars.

• became even more lopsided toward the Allies, as the Allies flooded American manufacturers with orders for all sorts of war supplies, including dynamite, cannon powder, submarines, copper wire and tubing, and armored cars.

• ended due to the German U-Boats destroying the British and U.S. Naval and commercial shipping fleets.

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  thrived as both sides of the war flooded American manufacturers with orders for all sorts of war supplies.