mystery of germination 2

What is the initial result of imbibition in seeds?

• Activation of energy metabolism

• Formation of new mitochondria

• Hydration of matrices within the cells

• Increase in water uptake uniformly in all cells

Which method allows for the pattern of hydration to be monitored during imbibition?

• Electron microscopy

• Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) micro-imaging

• X-ray crystallography

• Fluorescence microscopy

What is the early event during Phase I imbibition in seeds?

• Resumption of energy metabolism

• Formation of new mitochondria

• Increase in water uptake

• Activation of hormone metabolism

Which type of seeds undergo repair and reactivation of pre-existing mitochondria during Phase II imbibition?

• Starch-storing seeds

• Oil-storing seeds

• Sugar-storing seeds

• Protein-storing seeds

What predominates in seeds when mitochondrial ATP production is restricted by low oxygen availability?

• Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)

• Glycolytic pathway

• Electron transport chain

• Krebs cycle

What releases seeds from dormancy by affecting the rate of electron transport?

• Carbonate and bicarbonate

• Nitrate and nitrite

• Phosphate and sulfate

• Chloride and bromide

What does nitrate (hence NO) promote in Arabidopsis?

• Abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis

• Gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis

• Cytokinin biosynthesis

• Auxin biosynthesis

What undergoes a transition to a liquid crystalline phase when rehydrated in seeds?

• Nucleus

• Cellular membrane structures

• Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

What could result in misfolding of proteins in seeds during desiccation and/or aging?

• Increase in water uptake

• Formation of abnormal amino acids

• Formation of new mitochondria

• Activation of energy metabolism

What is the main influence on the kinetics of water uptake in seeds?

• Seed size

• Seed color

• Temperature

• Seed structure