10-minute Quiz : Chapter 50 Importance of industrial processes

Which of the following is NOT a raw material for the chemical industry?

• A. Ethene
• B. Bauxite
• C. Limestone
• D. Corn

Which of the following is a synthetic product for the chemical industry?

• A. Ice
• B. Ammonia
• C. Aspirin
• D. Styrene

Which of the following is a renewable raw material for the chemical industry?

• A. Sunlight
• B. Biomass
• C. Biodiesel
• D. Micro-organism

Which of the following is NOT the advantage of developing the petrochemical industry in a city?

• A. It promotes scientific researches.
• B. It creates jobs for local people.
• C. It provides tax revenue for the government.
• D. It raises manufacturers’ awareness of the need to consume more natural resources.

Which of the following are the disadvantages of developing the petrochemical industry in a city?

(1) Most chemical plants produce pollutants and wastes that are harmful to the environment.

(2) Many chemicals pose health risks to the surrounding population.

(3) Poor monitoring of industrial processes can lead to explosions, leaks and fires.

• A. (1) and (2) only
• B. (1) and (3) only
• C. (2) and (3) only
• D. (1), (2) and (3)

Vitamin C can be obtained from citrus fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes. Which of the following are the correct explanations for the necessity of large-scale industrial production of vitamin C?

(1) There is an inadequate supply of vitamin C.

(2) There is a shrinking supply of vitamin C.

(3) Vitamin C products manufactured by the industry have higher vitamin contents compared to natural sources.

• A. (1) and (2) only
• B. (1) and (3) only
• C. (2) and (3) only
• D. (1), (2) and (3)

Which of the following statements about the traditional Reichstein process and the newer two-step fermentation process is/are correct?

(1) Both of the processes used glucose as the raw material.

(2) Bacteria are used to oxidize D-sorbitol to L-sorbose in the Reichstein process but not in the two-step fermentation process.

(3) KGA is produced from L-sorbose by using chemical methods in the Reichstein process while it is by fermentation in the two-step fermentation process.

• A. (1) only
• B. (2) only
• C. (1) and (3) only
• D. (2) and (3) only

Vitamin C can be produced by two commonly used processes: the Reichstein process and the two-step fermentation process. The diagram shows the outlines for these two processes. In what ways is the two-step fermentation process significantly better than the Reichstein process?

(1) Higher yield

(2) Lower cost

(3) More friendly to the environment

• A. (1) only
• B. (2) only
• C. (1) and (3) only
• D. (2) and (3) only

In the manufacture of vitamin C, D-sorbitol is converted to L-sorbose by fermentation using an enzyme. Which of the following are the advantages of using the enzyme in the fermentation?

(1) It speeds up the conversion of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose.

(2) It can selectively oxidize the hydroxyl group at C-2 to carbonyl group.

(3) It can increase the yield of L-sorbose.

• A. (1) and (2) only
• B. (1) and (3) only
• C. (2) and (3) only
• D. (1), (2) and (3)

Which of the following is/are the recent research area(s) for the vitamin C production?

(1) Developing ways to produce L-sorbose from glucose at room temperature using metal catalysts

(2) Developing ways to produce KGA directly from glucose by fermentation

(3) Developing ways to direct conversion of glucose into vitamin C by fermentation using yeast

• A. (1) only
• B. (2) only
• C. (1) and (3) only
• D. (2) and (3) only