Sumerian writing system used pictographs to represent words.

Beginnings of Egyptian hieroglyphics writing.

Tortoise shell and oracle bone writing were used.

Papyrus roll was used.

Chinese small seal writing was developed.

Book (parchment codex).

Woodblock printing and paper was invented by the Chinese.

Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press using movable metal type.

Samuel Johnson's dictionary standardized Enlish spelling.

The Library of Congress was established in Washington, DC. Invention of carbon arc lamp.