Forces that Change Earth's Surface

Match the following:

• volcano

• molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle

• hot spot

• area where material from deep within the mantle rises then melts, forming magma where a volcano forms

• magma

• a weak spot in Earth's crust where molten material, or magma, come so the surface

A ​ (a)   volcano is not currently active, but may become active again; while an ​ (b)   volcano is unlikely to ever erupt again.

• dormant
• extinct

Match the following forces with their definition:

• strain

• squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

• compression

• A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume

• stress

• a change in the shape of rock caused by stress

• tension

• pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions

• shearing

• Pulls on the crust that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle

A change in rock that is NOT permanent is a(n) ​ (a)   strain. A change in rock that IS permanent is a(n) ​ (b)   strain.

• elastic
• plastic

Match the following:

• focus

• The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake

• epicenter

• Waves that carry energy of an earthquake away from the focus

• seismic waves

• The vibrations in the ground that result from movement along breaks in Earth's lithosphere.

• earthquake

• the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS4-1

NGSS.MS-PS4-2

Match the following types of faults with their definitions:

• normal

• two blocks of rock slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

• strike-slip

• form when forces pull rocks apart along a divergent plate boundary; block of rock above fault moves down

• reverse

• force pushes two blocks of rock together with the rock above the fault moving up

Choose all of the following that are destructive forces that change Earth's surface:

• erosion

• earthquakes

• volcanoes

• weathering

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2