2ndQ_SUMMATIVE TEST #1

Surname, First Name Initials / Question

(DELA CRUZ, J. / TUPAS)

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What ancient Greek philosopher is credited with providing early evidence that the Earth is spherical?

• Aristotle

• Ptolemy

• Eratosthenes

• Pythagoras

Who first calculated the Earth's circumference with remarkable accuracy by measuring the angle of the Sun's rays in two different locations?

• Archimedes

• Pythagoras

• Eratosthenes

• Hipparchus

Who proposed a geocentric model of the universe, where the Earth was eccentric, and all celestial objects moved in circular orbits around it?

• Johannes Kepler

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Claudius Ptolemy

• Tycho Brahe

Which astronomer was the first to discover the phases of Venus, providing crucial evidence for the heliocentric model?

• Galileo Galilei

• Tycho Brahe

• Johannes Kepler

• Nicolaus Copernicus

What ancient Greek scientist and mathematician proposed a geocentric model of the universe, with Earth as the center, which was widely accepted for centuries?

• Ptolemy

• Archimedes

• Eratosthenes

• Pythagoras

Who is known for his precise observations of celestial objects, particularly Mars, and his extensive data collection that was later used by Johannes Kepler?

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Galileo Galilei

• Tycho Brahe

• Claudius Ptolemy

What is the primary evidence that Aristotle used to support the idea that the Earth is spherical?

• The changing position of the North Star

• The existence of tides

• The shape of Earth's shadow on the Moon during lunar eclipses

• The observation of the Moon's phases

How did Eratosthenes calculate the Earth's circumference, and what does this method involve?

• He used stellar parallax to measure the distance to the stars.

• He measured the angles of the Sun's rays at two different locations and calculated the Earth's circumference using geometry.

• He observed the phases of Venus.

• He used pendulum motion to estimate the Earth's size.

Why was the geocentric model proposed by Ptolemy widely accepted when attempting to account for the observed motions of the planets?

• It assumed that the planets orbited the Sun.

• It could accurately explain retrograde motion.

• It accurately predicted planetary positions.

• It accounted for the changing positions of the constellations.