Ch. 9-10

A hypomorphic mutation is... (select all that apply)

• usually recessive to wild type

• a mutation that reduces the function or amount of gene product

• a mutation that leads to no function or no expression of the gene product

• a mutation that increases the function or amount of gene product

• usually dominant to wild type

A mutation in which gene is likely to have the most devastating effect?

• gene encoding RNA polymerase

• gene encoding the rhodopsin protein required for vision

• gene encoding the antibody protein required for immune response

• gene encoding proteins required for function of the heart

Humans have ~800 haploinsufficient genes. What does this mean?

• There are 800 genes where 2 mutant alleles are not enough to have a wild type phenotype

• There are 800 genes where 1 wild-type allele is not enough to have a wild type phenotype

• There are 800 genes where 2 wild-type alleles are not enough to have a wild type phenotype

• There are 800 genes where 2 mutant alleles are not enough to have a mutant phenotype

The DNA backbone is made up of… (select all that apply)

• Phosphate groups

• Sugars

• Phosphodiester bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

• Nucleotide bases

A double-stranded DNA break that creates 2 separate pieces of dsDNA must break… (select all that apply)

• Phosphate groups

• Sugars

• Phosphodiester bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

• Nucleotide bases

Restriction enzymes are enzymes that make double stranded DNA breaks to create… (select all that apply)

• 2 dsDNA molecules with blunt ends

• 2 dsDNA molecules with single-stranded overhangs

• 2 single stranded DNA molecules

• Free-floating nucleotides

Gel electrophoresis is a useful lab procedure which separates DNA fragments by...

• allowing the larger fragments to move through more quickly

• allowing the smaller fragments to move through more quickly

• allowing the more positively charged fragments to move toward the negative cathode

• allowing the more positively charged fragments to move toward the positive cathode