Neurobiological Foundations of Fear and Phobias

What is the primary goal of exploring the neurobiological foundations of fear and phobias?

• To diagnose anxiety disorders

• To highlight the brain's central role in these disorders

• To create new medications

• To promote relaxation techniques

What is the primary purpose of fear as a psychological response?

• To induce happiness

• To make individuals more sociable

• To trigger the "fight or flight" reaction

• To enhance creativity

Which of the following is an example of a specific anxiety disorder?

• Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

• Fear of making new friends

• Panic disorder

• Fear of public speaking

Where is the amygdala located in the brain and what is its primary function?

• In the frontal lobes, responsible for decision-making

• In the temporal lobes, important for processing emotions, especially fear

• In the occipital lobes, controlling vision

• In the parietal lobes, regulating motor skills

How does the amygdala detect threats and trigger fear responses?

• It relies on the sense of smell.

• It quickly assesses sensory information and signals in the brain.

• It is responsible for decision-making.

• It produces serotonin.

What role do neurotransmitters like serotonin and GABA play in regulating fear and anxiety?

• Serotonin triggers the "fight or flight" response, while GABA inhibits anxiety.

• GABA is responsible for mood regulation, while serotonin reduces anxiety.

• Serotonin helps regulate mood, while GABA inhibits anxiety.

• Both serotonin and GABA increase fear responses.

Which brain region is responsible for decision-making and emotional regulation?

• The temporal lobes

• The occipital lobes

• The prefrontal cortex

• The amygdala

How does the prefrontal cortex modulate the amygdala's responses?

• It increases emotional reactions.

• It decreases fear responses.

• It helps control emotional reactions and make rational decisions.

• It has no connection to the amygdala.

What is one key component of treatment for anxiety disorders and phobias mentioned in the presentation?

• Meditation

• Excessive worrying

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

• Avoidance of social situations

What is a phobia, and which category of phobias may interfere significantly with a person's daily life?

• A phobia is a general state of apprehension and uneasiness.

• Complex phobias may interfere significantly with a person's daily life.

• Specific phobias are fears of social situations.

• Agoraphobia is the fear of specific objects or situations.