Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes

What is the mantle below the lithosphere made up of?

• gas
• hot solid rock

• molten lava
• water

Where does the heat come from that causes convection in the mantle?

• Earth's crust
• Earth's core
• Earth's atmosphere
• Earth's oceans

What is the difference between crust and lithosphere?

• The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth, while the lithosphere is the rigid outer part of the Earth, including the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.
• The crust and lithosphere are the same thing.
• The crust is made of solid rock, while the lithosphere is made of molten lava.
• The crust is located in the mantle, while the lithosphere is located in the core.

Compare and contrast oceanic crust and continental crust.

• Oceanic crust is thicker and less dense than continental crust.
• Oceanic crust is the same thickness and density as continental crust.
• Oceanic crust is made up of different types of rocks compared to continental crust.
• Oceanic crust is thinner and denser than continental crust.

How do scientists know the outer core is liquid?

• Seismic waves
• Satellite images
• Magnetic field measurements
• Chemical analysis

Who came up with the hypothesis of continental drift?

• Charles Darwin
• Marie Curie
• Alfred Wegener
• Isaac Newton

List 5 evidences of continental drift.

• no

• Evidence of continental drift includes fossil and rock similarities, fit of continents, and paleoclimate data.

• no

• no

Why did scientist initially reject the hypothesis of continental drift?

• No scientific consensus on the theory
• Belief that Earth's crust was too rigid to allow movement
• No known mechanism to explain how continents could move
• Lack of evidence supporting the hypothesis

What are the three possible explanations for polar wander? Which is the most reasonable based on evidence and why?

• Apparent polar wander due to plate tectonics
• True polar wander due to changes in Earth's mantle
• Polar wander due to changes in Earth's magnetic field
• Polar wander due to changes in Earth's rotation

What lead to the development of most of the technology used to find the mechanism for continental drift?

• Advancements in geophysics and geology
• Advancements in astrology and astronomy
• Inventions in physics and mathematics
• Discoveries in biology and chemistry