Phonics & Word Recognition

One of the models of reading is __________ that is made up of upper and lower strands. When these strands intertwine it results in skilled and accurate, fluent reading with strong comprehension.

• Hennessey's Text Twine

• Scarborough's Reading Rope

• Archer's Comprehension Cord

• Kastner's Story String

__________ refers to a child's familiarity with names, forms, and sounds of the letters of the alphabet as measured by recognition, production, and writing tasks.

• Phonics

• Letter sound relationship

• Alphabetic knowledge

• Early learning skills

All of the following are expectations of kindergarten students except:

• spoken words are represented in written language by spec

• mastering all 44 phonemes

• Words are separated by spaces in prin

• recognizing and naming all upper- and lower- case letters of the alphabet

A ______ is the individual written letter or group of letters that represents that distinguishable speech sound in a word.

• grapheme

• phoneme

• orthograph

• digraph

A grapheme can be made up of just one to or as many as ____ letters.

• two

• three

• four

• five

A _____ is a two letter grapheme that represents one phoneme, such as the <sh> and <ck> in shack.

• phoneme

• blend

• digraph

• trigraph

The most effective phonics instruction introduces phoneme-grapheme

correspondences and patterns in a ________ manner.

• systematic, cumulative, explicit, and sequential

• systematic, cumulative, explicit, and direct

• direct, spiral, whole group, and orderly

• direct, organized, research-based, and cumulative

The ability to read nonsense words shows how well a student is applying

• basic phonics skills that have been taught.

• the alphabetic principle.

• memorization skills.

• automaticity.

A _____ is a unit of consecutive speech sounds consisting of a vowel phoneme and any consonant phonemes that may proceed or follow that vowel.

• sentence

• word

• grapheme

• syllable

There are _____ syllable-spelling conventions.

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6