fundies chpt 27 musculoskeletal

match these terms

• comminuted fracture

• bone broken into many small pieces

• fractures

• breaks in the bone

• sprain

• an injury to a joint that results in damage to muscles and ligaments

• external fixator

• The type of cast that encases the hips and one or both legs

• spica

• wires, pins, tongs, or rods used in skeletal traction

This type of immobilization device is a firm plastic mold form used to keep a joint or joints from flexing

• cast
• brace
• splint
• bandage

The limb is wrapped with an elastic bandage or fitted with Velcro wrap to which the frame is attached■ One or more ropes are attached to the frame where a weight is attached. ex Trapeze bar: Use as a hand grip when moving in bed

• skeletal traction

• skin traction

• Hand grip
• Velcro wrap

Select all of what nurses will monitor to ensure that no complications occur for traction

• weights hang freely and do not rest on the floor

• ropes pull in a straight line without crossing

• assess for skin breakdown beneath external traction devices

• when turning a patient in traction, have another person lift up on teh weights, causeing slack in the ropes while the patient is turned.

• ensure that the patient's body is in proper alignment so that the traction pulls correctly

Why does itching occur beneath a cast

• Psychological response to being immobilized
• Inadequate blood circulation
• Allergic reaction to the cast material
• skin sheds outer epidermal cells, but when the cast is in place, the cells that have been shed tend to pile up rather than flake off

Match the following

• swing-to gait

• able to bear partial weight on affected limb; moves one foot and opposite crutch forward at same time

• three point gait

• able to bear weight on affected limb; moves the first crutch forward then then the opposite foot forward

• four-point

• able to bear weight on affected limb; patient stands on both feet and moves both crutches forward at the same time;

• swing-through gait

• unable to bear weight on the affected limb; moves both crutches and affected foot forward at the same time without touching down or placing weight on it

• two-point gait

• same as the swing-to gait except that the patient swings both feet forward beyond the level of the crutches

What device is used after a total hip replacement to prevent the patient from crossing their legs over the midline?

• wrist splint
• ankle brace
• wedge shaped abduction pillow

• compression sock

The machine sometimes used to gently flex and extend the patient's knee after a total knee replacement is a ______

• MRI machine
• CPM machine Continuous passive motion machine

• X-ray machine
• TENS machine

Which test can be used to assist in diagnosing soft tissue conditions such as injuries to joints, ligaments, tendons, or muscles?

• Bone scan

• X-ray

• Magnetic resonance imaging

• Computed tomography

Match the following

• articulation

• lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint

• arthroplasty

• surgery to reshape, reconstruct, or replace a diseased or damaged joint

• arthritis

• connection between two bones; also called a joint

• synovial fluid

• shortening or tightening of a muscle

• contraction

• inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain swelling, and stiffness