Where Is the Native Speaker Now? By Vivian Cook

What concept does the article mention as being relevant to the switch toward the "bilingual turn"?

• Multicompetence

• Linguistic imperialism

• Cognitive psychology

• Discourse analysis

What message did the 1999 article aim to convey to students?

• They should see themselves as failures in language learning.

• They should strive to be like native speakers.

• They should see themselves as successful L2 users.

• They should prioritize the power of the native speaker.

What was the main focus of the 1999 TESOL Quarterly article "Going Beyond the Native Speaker in Language Teaching" (Cook, 1999)?

• Criticizing native speakers as deficient versions of L2 users.

• Highlighting the unique assets of L2 users.

• Promoting imitation of native speakers in language teaching.

• Examining the impact of multicompetence on language teaching.

According to the article, what is the definition of multicompetence?

• The knowledge of more than one language by a single mind.

• The total system for all languages in a single mind or community.

• The ability to imitate native speakers in language learning.

• The dependence on monolingual native speakers for language learning.

What was the political context in applied linguistics during the 1990s?

• The introduction of multicompetence and linguistic relativity

• The recycling of research questions about age and L1/L2 transfer.

• The switch toward the "bilingual turn" in European research.

• Linguistic imperialism and the role of native-based models in language teaching.

According to Ortega, what is the current impact of multicompetence on traditional SLA?

• Multicompetence has become the central perspective in language education.

• Multicompetence has led to a reconceptualization of language learners as multicompetent users.

• Multicompetence is still seen as something unusual or special in psychological research.

• Multicompetence has made little difference in syllabuses and examinations

How does the native speaker continue to be influential in second language acquisition research?

• Native speakers are seen as the standard to be met by L2 users.

• Native speakers are considered the norm for bilingual language use.

• Native speakers are no longer explicitly relied upon in research.

• Native speakers are acknowledged as the ghost in the machine.

What did the 1999 article suggest in terms of language teaching methods?

• Teaching methods should emphasize the roles of powerful native speakers.

• Teaching methods should disregard the students' first language.

• Teaching methods should prioritize imitation of native speakers.

• Teaching methods should focus on L2 user goals and situations.

Despite academic support, what is the current focus in published coursebooks?

• Acknowledging the achievements of L2 users.

• Promoting the roles of L2 users.

• Emphasizing the roles of native speakers.

• Highlighting the success of monolinguals.

Why do teachers and coursebook writers still adhere to the monolingual perspective?

• It aligns with the expectations of education and society.

• They believe it is more effective for language learning.

• It reflects the influence of native speakers in language teaching.

• Bilinguals are institutionalized into the monolingual perspective.