Mod 19 READING GUIDE

a German word meaning a "form" or "whole"

Match the following

• figure-ground

• grouping nearby figures together

• closure

• teh organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings

• continuity

• we fill in gaps to create a complete, whole object

• proximity

• perceiving smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones

• grouping

• the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

Match the following

• binocular clue

• a depth cue, such as interposition or linear perspctive, available to either eye alone

• depth perception

• a depth cue that depends on the use of two eyes

• visual cliff

• By comparing retinal images from the two eyes, the brain computes distance - the greater the difference between the two images, the closer the image

• retinal disparity

• a device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

• monocular cue

• the ability to see objects in three dimensions; allows us to judge distance

an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

Match the following

• interposition

• perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change

• perceptual constancy

• the tendency to interpret the shape of an object as being constant, even when its shape changes on the retina

• color constancy

• 
  in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

• shape constancy

• monocular visual cue in which two objects are in the same line of vision and one partially conceals the other, indicating that the first object concealed is further away

• perceptual adaptation

• perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object

Our experience of color (as well as size, brightness etc) depends on an object's

Brightness ​ (a)   similarly depends on ​ (b)   . We ​ (c)   an object as having a constant brightness even as its illumination varies. This perception of constancy depends on ​ (d)   - the amount of light an object ​ (e)   relative to its surroundings.

• contancy
• context
• perceive
• relative luminance
• reflects
• total luminance
• sense

The ​ (a)   looks up to ​ (b)   percent larger when ​ (c)   the horizon than when high in the sky.

• moon
• 50
• near
• sun
• 30
• 80
• above

For normal sensory and perceptual development, there is a ____________ ________ - an optimal period when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences is required.

Experience guides, sustains and maintains the brain pathways that enable our ___________.