Microorganisms in Water, Soil, and Air

Ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consist of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms.

• Bacteria

• Fungi

• Virus

• Algae

What is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment?

• Gram-negative

• Gram-positive

• Aerobic

• Anaerobic

What is the remaining wood color after being degraded by white-rot fungi?

• White

• Red

• Brown

• Transparent

Microbes can resist, grow, and active at harsh condition?

• Oxidoreductase

• Extremophobics

• Transferase

• Extremophiles

What is microbial enzyme that playing role in biofuels production?

• Amylase

• Laccase

• Lignin peroxidase

• Biofuel peroxidase

Type of bioplastic that can be degraded by microorganisms

• Polyvinyl chloride 

• Low-density polyethylene

• Polyurethane

• Polylactic acid 

Conversion of organic nitrogen from decaying matter into ammonium and nitrate forms, which plants can use for growth

• Bioremediation

• Decomposition

• Nutrient cycling

• Soil Structure Improvement

Treatment of contaminants at the contamination site, without excavation or removal.

• In Situ Bioremediation

• Ex Situ Bioremediation

• Adsorption

• Coagulation

Introducing pre-established microbial cultures to boost the microbial communities at a location, with the aim of enhancing the remediation of contaminants and, consequently, reducing both the time and expenses associated with the cleanup process.

• Biostimulation

• Bioaugmentation

• Phytoremediation

• Rizhoremediation

System that use ultraviolet (UV) light to disinfect the air by destroying the DNA or RNA of microorganisms

• High-Efficiency Particulate Air 

• Air Purification Systems

• Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI)

• UV Spectrodegraded